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		<title>AI: Friend or Risk?</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/08/19/ai-friend-or-risk/</link>
					<comments>https://pi-union.com/2026/08/19/ai-friend-or-risk/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Aug 2026 05:35:10 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chatbot]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Friend]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Risk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teenagers]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=26246</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[https://youtu.be/STHZQrZK6Ko AI Chatbot Use and Disclos [&#8230;]]]></description>
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									<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
<h3><strong>AI Chatbot Use and Disclosure for Mental Health Among US Adolescents and Young Adults</strong></h3>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Ryan K. McBain et al.<br /><em>JAMA Pediatrics</em>. 2026 Aug 1;180(8):884–890.</p>
<p></p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Summarized by PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</h3>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots is occurring alongside the ongoing mental health challenges faced by adolescents and young adults. This study examined the prevalence, frequency, perceived helpfulness, and disclosure of AI chatbot use for mental health advice among US individuals aged 12 to 21 years. A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was conducted in November 2025. Among 1,009 participants representing 42,825,655 individuals after population weighting, <strong>19.2% (8,207,180)</strong> reported using AI chatbots to seek mental health advice. Among users, <strong>42.8%</strong> used AI chatbots at least monthly, and <strong>91.7%</strong> considered the advice somewhat or very helpful. However, <strong>63.3% had not disclosed their AI use to anyone</strong>. AI chatbot use was more common among females than males (aOR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.36–3.23), those aged 18–21 years versus 12–14 years (aOR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.98–6.74), and those who had discussed mental health concerns with a physician in the previous 6 months (aOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.18–3.03). These findings suggest that AI chatbots have rapidly become part of the mental health information ecosystem for young people. Although many users perceive AI advice as helpful, the high proportion who do not disclose their use highlights an emerging <strong>hidden mental health care pathway</strong>. Parents, clinicians, and policymakers should proactively address AI chatbot use and promote safe use, appropriate expectations, and connections to evidence-based mental health care.</p>
<p></p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" />
<p></p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Commentary by PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</h3>
<p></p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">1. AI Is Becoming a New “Confidant” for Adolescents</h4>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In 2025, <strong>19.2% of US adolescents and young adults aged 12–21 years</strong> had used AI chatbots to seek mental health advice, representing approximately <strong>8.2 million people</strong>. Among users, <strong>42.8%</strong> used AI at least monthly, and <strong>91.7%</strong> considered the advice somewhat or very helpful.</p>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">These findings suggest that AI offers young people a <strong>low-barrier, readily accessible, and relatively private space for emotional disclosure</strong>. For adolescents who may hesitate to approach parents, teachers, or health professionals, AI could become an important first point of contact for mental health concerns.</p>
<p></p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">2. The Hidden Mental Health Care Pathway</h4>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The most concerning finding is that <strong>63.3% of users had not disclosed their AI use to anyone</strong>.</p>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This raises a critical question:</p>
<p></p>
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Is AI becoming a bridge to professional mental health care—or an endpoint that may bypass it?</strong></p>
<p></p>
</blockquote>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">AI could facilitate help-seeking if it encourages users to contact parents, clinicians, or other trusted adults. However, if young people rely exclusively on AI without professional assessment, it may create a <strong>hidden mental health care pathway</strong> that operates largely outside the awareness of families, schools, and health professionals.</p>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Notably, participants who had discussed mental health concerns with a physician in the previous 6 months were more likely to use AI for mental health advice (aOR, 1.89). This may suggest that AI is being used <strong>alongside</strong>, rather than necessarily instead of, conventional mental health services. However, the cross-sectional design prevents causal interpretation.</p>
<p></p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">3. Perceived Helpfulness ≠ Clinical Effectiveness ≠ Safety</h4>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Although <strong>91.7%</strong> of users perceived AI advice as helpful, subjective helpfulness should not be equated with clinical effectiveness or safety.</p>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">AI may provide useful emotional support or general coping strategies, but its ability to recognize and appropriately respond to <strong>suicidal ideation, self-harm, eating disorders, psychosis, severe anxiety, or other high-risk conditions</strong> remains a critical concern.</p>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The key distinction is:</p>
<p></p>
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AI is already being used—not that AI has already been proven effective.</strong></p>
<p></p>
</blockquote>
<p></p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">4. Important Research Gaps</h4>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Several limitations warrant consideration. First, the <strong>cross-sectional design</strong> prevents conclusions about causality. Second, reliance on <strong>self-reported data</strong> introduces potential recall and reporting biases. Third, the study did not evaluate the <strong>content or clinical quality of AI-generated advice</strong>.</p>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Future research should therefore examine whether AI responses are consistent with clinical guidelines, how accurately they identify high-risk situations, whether they appropriately recommend professional care, and whether safety varies across AI models.</p>
<p></p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">5. Public Health Implications</h4>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The central public health question is no longer simply <strong>whether adolescents use AI</strong>, but:</p>
<p></p>
<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p></p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>When young people turn to AI for mental health support, who knows, who is responsible, and who protects them?</strong></h3>
<p></p>
</blockquote>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Mental health policy must increasingly consider AI alongside <strong>families, schools, clinicians, and public health systems</strong>. AI may become an important entry point into mental health care—but its role should be designed to <strong>complement, rather than silently replace, evidence-based professional care</strong>.</p>
<p></p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" />
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Reference: <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2849307?guestAccessKey=3dcdbbd9-5ab2-4d5b-8fd8-0f95b52c9ec1&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=postup_jn&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert-jamapediatrics&amp;utm_content=etoc-tfl_&amp;utm_term=080326">AI Chatbot Use and Disclosure for Mental Health Among US Adolescents and Young Adults</a></strong></p>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Reviewer: <a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>
<p></p>
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* E-mail: piunion@pi-union.com</p>
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<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* Official Website: <a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://pi-union.com/</a></p>
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<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* Youtube: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@pi-union">www.youtube.com/@pi-union</a></p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>當 AI 成為青少年的『心理樹洞』：便利、信任與隱藏的風險</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/08/10/%e7%95%b6-ai-%e6%88%90%e7%82%ba%e9%9d%92%e5%b0%91%e5%b9%b4%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8e%e5%bf%83%e7%90%86%e6%a8%b9%e6%b4%9e%e3%80%8f%ef%bc%9a%e4%be%bf%e5%88%a9%e3%80%81%e4%bf%a1%e4%bb%bb%e8%88%87%e9%9a%b1/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 13:46:29 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[JAMA Pediatrics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SCI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[心理健康]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[美國]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[聊天機器人]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[青少年]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=26235</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[AI 聊天機器人用於美國青少年與年輕成人心理健康及其使用揭露情形 Ryan K. McBain et al.  [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<h4 class="wp-block-heading">AI 聊天機器人用於美國青少年與年輕成人心理健康及其使用揭露情形</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Ryan K. McBain et al. </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">JAMA Pediatr. 2026 Aug 1;180(8):884-890.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">重點（Key Points）</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>研究問題（Questions）</strong><br>截至 2025 年，美國 12 至 21 歲的青少年與年輕成人中，有多少比例曾使用 AI 聊天機器人尋求心理健康建議？而在使用 AI 聊天機器人尋求此類建議的人當中，有多少人會告訴其他人自己曾使用這項服務？</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>研究發現（Findings）</strong><br>這項全國性調查涵蓋超過 <strong>4,200 萬名美國青少年與年輕成人（經人口加權）</strong>。研究發現，將近 <strong>五分之一（19.2%）</strong> 的青少年與年輕成人表示曾使用 AI 聊天機器人尋求心理健康建議，較前一年增加近 <strong>一半</strong>。而在使用 AI 聊天機器人尋求心理健康建議的人當中，多數人<strong>沒有告訴任何人</strong>自己曾為此目的使用 AI 聊天機器人。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>研究意義（Meaning）</strong><br>AI 聊天機器人已被廣泛用於青少年與年輕成人的情緒及心理支持，這凸顯出家長、臨床醫師與政策制定者亟需了解 AI 聊天機器人在青少年心理健康照護中日益發展的角色。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">摘要（Abstract）</h4>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">重要性（Importance）</h5>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">人工智慧（artificial intelligence, AI）聊天機器人的快速普及，與美國青少年持續存在的心理健康危機同時發生，因此有必要了解年輕人究竟在多大程度上開始利用這項科技尋求心理健康建議。</p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">研究目的（Objective）</h5>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">評估 <strong>2025 年美國青少年與年輕成人使用 AI 聊天機器人尋求心理健康建議的盛行情形、使用頻率、對建議的主觀助益程度，以及是否向他人揭露使用情形</strong>。</p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">研究設計、場域與研究對象（Design, Setting, and Participants）</h5>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">本研究採用<strong>橫斷面、全國代表性調查</strong>，於 <strong>2025 年 11 月</strong>針對 <strong>12 至 21 歲</strong>的美國青少年與年輕成人進行調查。</p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">暴露變項（Exposures）</h5>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">暴露變項包括受試者自陳的<strong>年齡、性別、種族與族裔、人口普查區域、都市化程度</strong>，以及過去 6 個月內是否曾與臨床醫療人員討論心理健康問題。</p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">主要結果與測量方式（Main Outcomes and Measures）</h5>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">研究以自陳方式評估受試者是否使用 AI 聊天機器人尋求心理健康建議，包括：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*是否曾經使用 AI 聊天機器人尋求心理健康建議</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*使用頻率</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*對 AI 回應之助益程度的主觀評價</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*是否向他人透露自己使用 AI 聊天機器人的情形</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">此外，研究也詢問受試者在過去 6 個月內是否曾與醫師討論自己的心理健康狀況。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">研究使用<strong>多變項邏輯斯迴歸分析（multivariable logistic regression analysis）</strong>，評估不同人口學與地理特徵之間的回答差異。</p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">研究結果（Results）</h5>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">在經人口加權後代表 <strong>42,825,655 名美國青少年與年輕成人</strong>的樣本中（未加權樣本數為 1,009 人；年齡中位數為 17 歲〔IQR，15–18 歲〕），其中人口加權後男性為 <strong>21,410,663 人（50.0%）</strong>。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">2025 年有 <strong>19.2%</strong> 的青少年與年輕成人（人口加權人數 <strong>8,207,180 人</strong>）表示曾使用 AI 聊天機器人尋求心理健康建議。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">在曾使用 AI 聊天機器人尋求心理健康建議者當中：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*<strong>42.8%</strong> 至少每月使用一次；</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*<strong>91.7%</strong> 認為 AI 提供的建議「有些幫助」或「非常有幫助」；</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*<strong>63.3%</strong> 表示<strong>沒有向任何人透露</strong>自己曾使用 AI 聊天機器人尋求心理健康建議。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">使用 AI 聊天機器人尋求心理健康建議的比例，在以下族群中較高：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">1. <strong>女性</strong>相較於男性：<br>調整後勝算比（adjusted odds ratio, aOR）為 <strong>2.10</strong>（95% CI, 1.36–3.23）。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">2. <strong>18–21 歲</strong>相較於 <strong>12–14 歲</strong>：<br>aOR 為 <strong>3.65</strong>（95% CI, 1.98–6.74）。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">3. 過去 6 個月內<strong>曾與醫師討論心理健康問題</strong>者，相較於未曾討論者：<br>aOR 為 <strong>1.89</strong>（95% CI, 1.18–3.03）。</p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">結論與相關性（Conclusions and Relevance）</h5>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這項具有全國代表性的調查研究顯示，美國青少年與年輕成人中約有 <strong>五分之一曾使用 AI 聊天機器人尋求心理健康建議</strong>。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">AI 聊天機器人已經融入許多年輕人的<strong>心理健康資訊與支持體系（mental health information ecosystem）</strong>。因此，家長與臨床醫師有必要主動與青少年討論其 AI 聊天機器人的使用情形，以促進<strong>使用安全、建立適當的期待，並協助其連結至具有實證基礎的心理健康照護</strong>。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">評論:</h3>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">一、AI 正在成為新的「心理樹洞」</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">研究顯示，2025 年美國 12–21 歲青少年與年輕成人中，<strong>19.2% 曾使用 AI 聊天機器人尋求心理健康建議</strong>，約相當於 820 萬人；其中 42.8% 至少每月使用一次。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">更值得注意的是，<strong>91.7% 的使用者認為 AI 的回答「有些幫助」或「非常有幫助」</strong>。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這說明 AI 對年輕人的吸引力可能不只是「方便」，而是它提供了一個<strong>低門檻、隨時可使用、沒有明顯社會評價壓力的傾訴空間</strong>。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">對於不願意或不敢向父母、老師、朋友甚至醫師談論心理困擾的青少年而言，AI 可能成為第一個願意開口的對象。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">二、真正令人警覺的是：63.3% 沒有告訴任何人</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這可能是整篇研究最值得公共衛生與臨床醫療關注的結果。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>63.3% 的 AI 心理健康使用者表示，他們沒有告訴任何人自己曾使用 AI 尋求心理健康建議。</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這產生一個重要問題：</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AI 究竟是「通往正式心理健康照護的入口」，還是「取代正式照護的終點」？</strong></p>
</blockquote>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">如果青少年使用 AI 後進一步尋求心理師、醫師或家人的協助，AI 可以扮演一種橋梁（bridge）的角色。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">但如果青少年因為覺得「AI 已經能幫助我」，因此不再告訴任何人，也沒有接受專業評估，那麼 AI 就可能形成一個<strong>隱形的心理健康照護系統</strong>。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這也是這篇研究最值得進一步追問的地方。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">三、「覺得有幫助」不等於「醫療上安全」</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">研究中 91.7% 的使用者認為 AI 建議有幫助，這是一個非常值得注意的結果。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">但是必須區分：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Perceived helpfulness ≠ Clinical effectiveness ≠ Clinical safety</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">也就是：</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>使用者覺得有幫助，不代表 AI 的建議具有臨床療效，更不代表這些建議一定安全。</strong></p>
</blockquote>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">例如，AI 可以提供同理性的回應、情緒支持或一般性的壓力管理建議，這些可能確實讓使用者感覺比較好。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">但對於<strong>憂鬱症、自殺意念、自傷、飲食疾患、精神病症狀或嚴重焦慮</strong>等情況，AI 是否能正確辨識風險、適時轉介專業人員，就是完全不同的問題。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">因此，這篇研究告訴我們的是：</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AI 已經被使用，而不是 AI 已經被證明有效。</strong></p>
</blockquote>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這兩者不能混為一談。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">四、這篇研究最大的價值：它揭露了「隱形使用」</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">傳統心理健康服務通常可以看到：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>症狀 → 求助 → 醫師／心理師 → 診斷 → 治療</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">但 AI 可能創造另一條新的路徑：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>心理困擾 → AI → AI → AI → ……</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">而父母、老師、醫師甚至研究人員都可能不知道。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這就是所謂的 <strong>hidden mental health care pathway</strong>。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">尤其研究發現，曾經在過去 6 個月與醫師討論心理健康問題的人，使用 AI 尋求心理健康建議的可能性反而更高（aOR 1.89）。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這是一個很有意思的結果。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">它可能意味著 AI 並不一定是在「取代醫療」，而可能是：</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>原本就有心理健康需求的人，同時使用 AI 與傳統醫療資源。</strong></p>
</blockquote>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">但這只是可能的解釋，因為這是一項<strong>橫斷面研究</strong>，無法證明因果關係。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">五、研究設計上也有幾個重要限制</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這篇研究雖然具有全國代表性，但解讀時仍應注意幾點。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>第一，橫斷面研究無法建立因果關係。</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">研究可以告訴我們「誰比較可能使用 AI」，但不能回答：</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">是心理健康問題導致青少年使用 AI？</p>
</blockquote>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">還是：</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">使用 AI 後影響了他們的心理健康？</p>
</blockquote>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">甚至可能是第三種情況：具有較高心理健康需求的人本來就更容易同時使用 AI 和醫療服務。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>第二，資料是自陳（self-reported）。</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">受試者必須自己回憶是否使用 AI、使用頻率以及是否覺得有幫助，因此可能受到<strong>回憶偏差與社會期許偏差</strong>影響。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">尤其「AI 對我有幫助」是一個主觀感受，而不是臨床結果。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>第三，研究沒有告訴我們 AI 到底說了什麼。</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這是非常重要的缺口。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">我們知道：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>19.2% 使用 AI</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">也知道：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>91.7% 覺得有幫助</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">但是我們不知道：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*AI 提供了哪些心理健康建議？</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*有多少建議符合臨床指引？</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*有多少回答可能具有誤導性？</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*AI 是否能辨識自殺或自傷風險？</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*AI 是否適時建議尋求專業協助？</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">*不同 AI 模型之間是否存在安全性差異？</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">因此，這篇研究其實是「使用行為研究」，而不是 AI 心理健康介入效果研究。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">六、這篇論文真正帶來的公共衛生問題</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>百聯醫學</strong>認為這篇研究最重要的訊息可以濃縮成一句話：</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>我們現在面對的問題，已經不是「青少年會不會使用 AI」，而是「當青少年使用 AI 處理心理健康問題時，誰知道？誰負責？誰來保護他們？」</strong></h4>
</blockquote>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">未來的心理健康政策可能不能只關注：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>心理師、精神科醫師、學校輔導系統</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">還必須加入：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AI chatbot → 家庭 → 學校 → 臨床醫療 → 公共衛生</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">所形成的新型態心理健康生態系統。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Reference: <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2849307?guestAccessKey=3dcdbbd9-5ab2-4d5b-8fd8-0f95b52c9ec1&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=postup_jn&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert-jamapediatrics&amp;utm_content=etoc-tfl_&amp;utm_term=080326">AI Chatbot Use and Disclosure for Mental Health Among US Adolescents and Young Adults</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Reviewer: <a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* E-mail:&nbsp;piunion@pi-union.com</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* Official Website:&nbsp;<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://pi-union.com/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* Facebook:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/piunion2020/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">www.facebook.com/piunion2020</a></p>



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<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* LINE: @654eukag</p>
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		<title>AI智慧醫療如何幫助醫師「減藥」?</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/07/27/ai%e6%99%ba%e6%85%a7%e9%86%ab%e7%99%82%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b9%ab%e5%8a%a9%e9%86%ab%e5%b8%ab%e3%80%8c%e6%b8%9b%e8%97%a5%e3%80%8d/</link>
					<comments>https://pi-union.com/2026/07/27/ai%e6%99%ba%e6%85%a7%e9%86%ab%e7%99%82%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b9%ab%e5%8a%a9%e9%86%ab%e5%b8%ab%e3%80%8c%e6%b8%9b%e8%97%a5%e3%80%8d/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 05:46:24 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[多重用藥]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[智慧醫療]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[減藥]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[生成式AI]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=26229</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[生成式 AI，如何讓醫師做出更好的醫療決策？ 你有沒有遇過這樣的情況？ 看完醫師後，手上拿著一大袋藥。高血壓一 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe title="AI智慧醫療如何幫助醫師「減藥」?" width="1200" height="675" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/i_ihQeIMizc?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div></figure>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">生成式 AI，如何讓醫師做出更好的醫療決策？</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">你有沒有遇過這樣的情況？</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">看完醫師後，手上拿著一大袋藥。高血壓一種、糖尿病一種、膽固醇一種，睡不好又多一種，關節痛再加一種……</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">藥越吃越多，但你是否曾經想過：<strong>這些藥現在真的每一種都還需要嗎？</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這其實是現代醫療面臨的重要問題之一——<strong>多重用藥（Polypharmacy）</strong>。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">隨著年齡增加，慢性疾病變多，患者往往同時使用多種藥物。藥物越多，除了增加服藥負擔，也可能提高藥物交互作用、副作用、跌倒，甚至住院的風險。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">問題是，醫師真的知道患者所有的用藥情況嗎？</p>



<div style="height:22px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">AI 不只是提醒醫師「該開什麼藥」</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">想像一位 58 歲患者回診。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">電子病歷系統跳出提醒：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>「這位患者符合使用降膽固醇藥物 Statin 的資格。」</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">醫師看到後，可能選擇忽略。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">為什麼？</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">因為系統只知道患者的年齡、膽固醇數值和風險分數，卻不知道患者過去是否曾經拒絕吃藥，也不知道拒絕的原因。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">患者可能曾經擔心藥物副作用，也可能曾經吃藥後出現肌肉疼痛，甚至可能只是因為經濟因素而沒有領藥。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">更重要的是，這些資訊可能分散在不同地方：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4cb.png" alt="📋" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 病歷紀錄<br><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f48a.png" alt="💊" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 藥品調劑紀錄<br><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4ac.png" alt="💬" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 病人入口網站訊息<br><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f9d1-200d-2695-fe0f.png" alt="🧑‍⚕️" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 過去的醫病溝通</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">傳統的醫療資訊系統通常只能處理「容易被計算」的資訊，卻很難理解這些分散在文字中的臨床情境。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這正是<strong>生成式 AI（Generative AI）可能帶來改變的地方</strong>。</p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">從「提醒醫師」走向「幫助醫師理解患者」</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">未來的 AI 智慧醫療，不應只是一直跳出更多警示。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">真正有價值的 AI，應該協助醫師快速回答：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>「對這位患者而言，現在最重要的下一步是什麼？」</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">例如，AI 可以協助整合患者的病歷、用藥紀錄、藥局領藥資料、檢驗結果，以及患者過去表達的治療偏好，讓醫師更快掌握完整情況。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">系統可能不是再跳出一個「請開藥」的警示，而是提供一段簡單的資訊：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>「<strong>患者去年曾與醫師討論 Statin 治療，但因擔心藥物副作用而沒有接受治療；目前也沒有紀錄顯示患者曾實際領取此藥物。</strong>」</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這樣的資訊，可能比單純告訴醫師「患者符合用藥資格」更有臨床價值。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">因為<strong>真正重要的問題，不只是患者『能不能吃藥』，而是『現在為什麼沒有吃藥，以及下一步該怎麼做』。</strong></p>



<div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">AI 也許可以幫助醫師「減藥」</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這個概念對高齡者尤其重要。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">當一位老人同時服用 5 種、10 種甚至更多藥物時，醫師需要思考的不只是「還需要增加什麼藥」，也包括：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f48a.png" alt="💊" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 哪些藥患者真的有在吃？<br><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f48a.png" alt="💊" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 哪些藥可能已經不再需要？<br><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f48a.png" alt="💊" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 是否有重複用藥或藥物交互作用？<br><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f48a.png" alt="💊" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 哪些藥可能增加跌倒或其他副作用風險？<br><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f48a.png" alt="💊" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 是否有機會在醫師評估下逐步減少不必要的藥物？</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這就是所謂的<strong>減藥/精簡處方（Deprescribing）</strong>。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">AI 可以協助醫師從大量且分散的資料中快速找出可能被忽略的資訊，提醒醫師重新檢視患者的完整用藥情況。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">未來的 AI 智慧醫療，或許不只是幫助醫師「開對的藥」，也能協助醫師思考：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>「這位患者，有沒有可能用更少的藥，得到同樣甚至更好的照護？」</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">當然，AI 不應自行決定患者要不要停藥。是否減藥、換藥或停藥，仍然必須由醫師根據患者的病情，並與患者共同討論後決定。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">AI 的角色，是成為醫師的<strong>第二雙眼睛</strong>，而不是取代醫師。</p>



<div style="height:22px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">AI 不應該只是「更快的聊天機器人」</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">生成式 AI 很強大，但並不是所有醫療問題都需要 AI。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">如果一個問題可以透過明確的規則快速判斷，例如藥物過敏或明確的禁忌症，傳統的醫療規則系統可能更可靠。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">如果只是從病歷中找出特定資訊，傳統的臨床自然語言處理（Clinical NLP）也可能已經足夠。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">只有當資訊分散在不同來源，而且需要理解上下文、整合患者的故事，才能真正發揮生成式 AI 的價值。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">因此，未來最理想的醫療 AI，應該是一個<strong>混合式系統</strong>：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>確定性規則</strong>負責安全底線<br>＋<br><strong>傳統 NLP</strong>負責穩定的資訊擷取<br>＋<br><strong>生成式 AI</strong>負責複雜資訊的整合與理解<br>＋<br><strong>醫師與患者</strong>共同做出最終決策</p>



<div style="height:22px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">最重要的不是 AI 有多聰明，而是能否讓醫療更好</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">生成式 AI 的真正價值，不應只是讓醫師更快寫病歷，也不應只是讓醫療系統產生更多提醒。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">更重要的是，它能不能讓醫師：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>少花時間尋找分散的資訊，更多時間理解患者。</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">能不能讓醫師在面對多重用藥時，更早發現不必要的藥物與潛在風險。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">能不能讓臨床決策從「系統告訴我該做什麼」，進一步走向「系統幫助我理解，為什麼這位患者需要這樣的照護」。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">未來的智慧醫療，或許不是「AI 取代醫師」，而是：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AI 幫助醫師看見更多，讓醫師做出更好的決定。</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">而在高齡化與慢性病日益增加的時代，從「藥越開越多」走向更精準的<strong>智慧用藥與安全減藥</strong>，也許會是 AI 臨床決策支援最值得期待的應用之一。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>提醒台灣民眾:</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">目前各大醫院皆設有相關的「<strong>用藥整合照護門診</strong>」，由醫師協助民眾統整整體用藥情形，並可透過藥師的專業協助，進一步檢視是否存在重複用藥、藥物交互作用或其他潛在的用藥問題，協助民眾精準用藥，以最少且適當的藥物，達到最佳的治療效果。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">提醒民眾，就醫時應主動且完整地向醫師及醫療人員說明自身的疾病史、過敏史及目前使用的藥物，包括處方藥、非處方藥及保健食品等，以利臨床人員全面評估您的健康狀況與用藥需求，進而提供最適切、安全且有效的治療方案。</p>
</blockquote>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Reference: </strong><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2851998?guestAccessKey=81be6fa2-a829-4d37-99e1-45c94a5249f8&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=postup_jn&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert-jama&amp;utm_content=olf-tfl_&amp;utm_term=072326"><strong>How Generative AI Should Transform Clinical Decision Support</strong></a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Commentator:&nbsp;<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* E-mail:&nbsp;piunion@pi-union.com</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* Official Website:&nbsp;<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://pi-union.com/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* Facebook:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/piunion2020/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">www.facebook.com/piunion2020</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* Youtube:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/@pi-union">www.youtube.com/@pi-union</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* Instagram:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.instagram.com/piunion2020/">www.instagram.com/piunion202</a>0</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* LINE: @654eukag</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>From Alert Fatigue to Intelligent Medication Support: How AI Could Help Address Polypharmacy</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/07/24/from-alert-fatigue-to-intelligent-medication-support-how-ai-could-help-address-polypharmacy/</link>
					<comments>https://pi-union.com/2026/07/24/from-alert-fatigue-to-intelligent-medication-support-how-ai-could-help-address-polypharmacy/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2026 05:58:32 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Clinical Decision-making]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Polypharmacy]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=26221</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Introduction Polypharmacy is an increasingly important  [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe title="How can AI help solve the polypharmacy puzzle?" width="1200" height="675" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/18I5v0FeqLU?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div></figure>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Introduction</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Polypharmacy is an increasingly important challenge in modern healthcare, particularly among older adults with multimorbidity. As patients receive care from multiple clinicians, their medications may accumulate over time, increasing the risk of drug–drug interactions, adverse drug events, nonadherence, and potentially inappropriate prescribing.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Current clinical decision support (CDS) systems can identify many medication-related problems, such as drug interactions, allergies, contraindications, and inappropriate doses. However, these systems often focus on information that is easy to compute rather than the clinical context needed to determine what should actually be done.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">For example, a CDS system may identify that an older patient is taking 10 medications and generate several alerts. But the clinician still needs to know: Which medications is the patient actually taking? Are some medications no longer necessary? Has the patient experienced adverse effects? Has the patient&#8217;s renal function changed? Has the patient expressed a desire to reduce medication burden? Has a previous attempt at deprescribing failed?</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">These questions illustrate an important limitation of traditional CDS: <strong>identifying a potential medication problem is not the same as supporting a clinical decision.</strong></p>



<div style="height:25px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">AI as a Clinical Decision Support System</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The emerging role of <strong>AI as a Clinical Decision Support system</strong> may help address this gap.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Rather than simply generating more medication alerts, AI could synthesize information from multiple sources, including electronic health records, medication lists, dispensing records, laboratory results, clinical notes, and patient portal messages.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">For example, instead of presenting several independent alerts, an AI-enabled CDS system might provide a concise summary:</p>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Medication Review:</strong> The patient is currently prescribed 11 medications by three specialties. Two medications have no recent dispensing records. The patient has reported dizziness and two falls during the past 6 months. Recent blood pressure readings are low, and previous notes documented concerns about orthostatic symptoms. The patient has also expressed a preference to reduce the number of medications. Consider reviewing the current antihypertensive regimen.</p>
</blockquote>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Such a system does not replace the clinician&#8217;s judgment. Instead, it brings together fragmented information that may otherwise require considerable time to locate and interpret.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The potential value of AI is therefore not simply to identify <strong>&#8220;what is wrong&#8221;</strong>, but to help clinicians understand <strong>&#8220;what may be most important to consider next.&#8221;</strong></p>



<div style="height:25px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">From Alert Fatigue to Decision Support</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Polypharmacy can generate numerous drug–drug interaction alerts, duplicate therapy warnings, and prescribing recommendations. When clinicians receive too many alerts, they may become desensitized and routinely override them.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">AI could potentially serve as an intelligent synthesis layer between existing CDS tools and clinicians.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Instead of presenting 10 separate alerts, the system could identify the most clinically relevant issue and provide the supporting evidence. This could shift CDS from:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>More alerts</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">to:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>More meaningful clinical decisions.</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Importantly, AI should not replace deterministic systems for tasks such as drug–drug interaction checking, allergy alerts, renal dose adjustment, or contraindication detection. These functions are well suited to established rule-based systems.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">AI may be most useful when information is fragmented across multiple sources and requires contextual synthesis.</p>



<div style="height:25px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Supporting Deprescribing and Patient-Centered Care</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">One of the most promising applications of AI-enabled CDS is supporting deprescribing.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">AI could help clinicians identify potential opportunities for medication review, such as:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Medications without a clearly documented current indication</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* Duplicate or overlapping therapies</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* Medications associated with falls or other adverse effects</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* Medications that have not been dispensed recently</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* Potentially inappropriate medications in older adults</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* Opportunities to simplify complex medication regimens</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">However, AI should not independently recommend stopping medications. Deprescribing requires consideration of treatment goals, disease status, prognosis, withdrawal risks, and patient preferences.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">AI could instead organize the relevant information and highlight potential opportunities for review, allowing clinicians and patients to make the final decision together.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This may also improve patient-centered care. Important information about medication concerns is often buried in clinical notes or patient messages—for example, a patient&#8217;s fear of adverse effects, difficulty swallowing pills, financial concerns, or desire to reduce the number of medications.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">By identifying and synthesizing these details, AI could help clinicians better understand not only <strong>what medications a patient is prescribed</strong>, but also <strong>how and why the patient is actually using them</strong>.</p>



<div style="height:25px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">A Hybrid Approach Is Needed</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The safest and most effective approach is unlikely to be an AI-only system. Instead, future polypharmacy CDS should combine different technologies according to their strengths:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* <strong>Deterministic rules:</strong> drug interactions, allergies, contraindications, and dose limits</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* <strong>Clinical NLP:</strong> extraction of specific information from clinical notes</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* <strong>Data integration:</strong> linking prescriptions, dispensing records, laboratory results, and clinical histories</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* <strong>Generative AI:</strong> synthesizing heterogeneous information into a concise, decision-specific summary</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* <strong>Clinicians:</strong> making the final clinical decision in partnership with the patient</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">AI-generated information should always be linked to its original sources and clearly distinguish documented facts from AI-generated inferences. When evidence is missing or conflicting, the system should indicate uncertainty rather than generate a confident but unsupported recommendation.</p>



<div style="height:25px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Conclusion</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The future of AI in clinical decision support should not be measured by how many clinical tasks can be automated, but by whether AI can help healthcare professionals make better decisions without increasing their workload.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Polypharmacy is an important example. Traditional CDS is effective at detecting explicit medication-related problems but often struggles to integrate the complex clinical context surrounding individual patients.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>AI as a Clinical Decision Support system</strong> could help bridge this gap by synthesizing medication histories, dispensing data, laboratory results, clinical notes, adverse effects, and patient preferences into concise, patient-specific decision support.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The goal should not be to replace existing medication safety systems or clinical judgment. Instead, AI should help clinicians move from:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>&#8220;Does this patient have a medication alert?&#8221;</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">to:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>&#8220;What is the most appropriate medication decision for this patient, at this time?&#8221;</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">For an aging population with increasing multimorbidity and medication burden, this shift—from <strong>alert generation to context-aware medication decision support</strong>—may provide an important opportunity to improve medication safety, support deprescribing, reduce alert fatigue, and deliver more individualized patient care.</p>



<div style="height:40px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Reference: </strong><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2851998?guestAccessKey=81be6fa2-a829-4d37-99e1-45c94a5249f8&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=postup_jn&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert-jama&amp;utm_content=olf-tfl_&amp;utm_term=072326"><strong>How Generative AI Should Transform Clinical Decision Support</strong></a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Commentator: <a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* E-mail:&nbsp;piunion@pi-union.com</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* Official Website:&nbsp;<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://pi-union.com/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* Facebook:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/piunion2020/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">www.facebook.com/piunion2020</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* Youtube:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/@pi-union">www.youtube.com/@pi-union</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* Instagram:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.instagram.com/piunion2020/">www.instagram.com/piunion202</a>0</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* LINE: @654eukag</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>孕期維生素D3與孩兒記憶力</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/07/08/%e5%ad%95%e6%9c%9f%e7%b6%ad%e7%94%9f%e7%b4%a0d3%e8%88%87%e5%ad%a9%e5%85%92%e8%a8%98%e6%86%b6%e5%8a%9b/</link>
					<comments>https://pi-union.com/2026/07/08/%e5%ad%95%e6%9c%9f%e7%b6%ad%e7%94%9f%e7%b4%a0d3%e8%88%87%e5%ad%a9%e5%85%92%e8%a8%98%e6%86%b6%e5%8a%9b/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2026 05:38:30 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[400 IU]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Children]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Evidence-based]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Memory]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mother]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SCI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vitamin D3]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=26202</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[🤰☀️ 孕期補充維生素 D3，可能影響孩子 10 年後的記憶力？ 你懷孕時補充的營養，可能和孩子 10 年後的 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe title="孕期維生素D3與孩兒記憶力" width="1200" height="675" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6dpidlaNcnY?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f930.png" alt="🤰" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2600.png" alt="☀" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>孕期補充維生素 D3，可能影響孩子 10 年後的記憶力？</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">你懷孕時補充的營養，可能和孩子 <strong>10 年後的大腦表現</strong>有關？</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">一項隨機臨床試驗追蹤近 <strong>500 名兒童到 10 歲</strong>，研究發現：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">孕期補充較高劑量維生素 D3，與孩子日後的<strong>語文記憶、視覺記憶表現</strong>有關。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4ca.png" alt="📊" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 視覺記憶差異甚至達 <strong>0.24 個標準差</strong>。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">但這是否代表——<br><strong>「孕婦多吃維生素 D，孩子就會更聰明？」</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">答案沒有這麼簡單。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f3ac.png" alt="🎬" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 點擊影片看懂最新研究、關鍵數據，以及孕期補充維生素 D3 真正需要注意的事。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/26a0.png" alt="⚠" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 孕期營養補充應依個人狀況與專業醫療建議進行，請勿自行服用超高劑量維生素 D。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">#維生素D #孕期營養 #兒童發展 #記憶力 #孕婦健康 #科學實證 #健康素養 #AWAKE</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Reference: <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2849122" data-type="link" data-id="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2849122">High-Dose Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> Supplementation During Pregnancy and Test-Based Cognitive Performance at Age 10 Years: A Post Hoc Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial</a></p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



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		<title>幸福的五個習慣</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/07/04/%e5%b9%b8%e7%a6%8f%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%94%e5%80%8b%e7%bf%92%e6%85%a3/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 04 Jul 2026 04:01:07 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Happiness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SCI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[實證研究]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[幸福]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[科學]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[習慣]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science Ltd. * E-mail:&#160;piunion@pi [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper">
<iframe title="幸福的五個習慣" width="1200" height="675" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/L99PfP1Z2nU?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><br>科學實證: <strong>幸福的人，都有這5個共同習慣！ </strong><br><br>1. <strong>良好關係</strong>： 50 歲時的關係滿意度，比膽固醇更能預測你 80 歲的健康！ <br>2. <strong>規律運動</strong>： 運動能幫你減少 43.2% 心理健康不佳的天數。 <br>3. <strong>培養感恩</strong>： 感恩練習能顯著減少 35% 的憂鬱情緒。 <br>4. <strong>睡得夠</strong>： 睡得飽的人，心理健康狀態比睡不夠的人顯著提升了 12.5%，生活滿意度更大幅增加。 <br>5. <strong>活得有意義</strong>： 目標感最高的人，死亡風險大幅降低 46%。</figcaption></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>



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		<title>ChatGPT Health and the Future of AI Healthcare: The Risks and Opportunities of Sharing Electronic Health Records with AI</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/06/12/chatgpt-health-and-the-future-of-ai-healthcare-the-risks-and-opportunities-of-sharing-electronic-health-records-with-ai/</link>
					<comments>https://pi-union.com/2026/06/12/chatgpt-health-and-the-future-of-ai-healthcare-the-risks-and-opportunities-of-sharing-electronic-health-records-with-ai/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 03:30:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[PI-Union]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=26171</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[JAMA Viewpoint Commentary: When Patients Share Their En [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">JAMA Viewpoint Commentary: When Patients Share Their Entire Medical Records with AI—The Opportunities and Risks of ChatGPT Health</h3>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">From the Democratization of Medical Knowledge to the Democratization of Medical Data</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">As large language models (LLMs) rapidly enter the healthcare sector, artificial intelligence is evolving beyond providing general health information and is beginning to interact directly with patients&#8217; most sensitive personal health data.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A recent Viewpoint article in JAMA, <em>&#8220;<a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2850216?guestAccessKey=30f83563-1139-4dfd-a955-782b243929ff&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=postup_jn&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert-jama&amp;utm_content=olf-tfl_&amp;utm_term=061126">When Patients Share Everything With an AI Chatbot: Risks and Opportunities of Large Language Models</a>,&#8221;</em> examines the opportunities and challenges posed by a new generation of health-focused AI platforms such as ChatGPT Health. The authors argue that as patients gain the ability to synchronize their complete electronic health records (EHRs) with AI systems, healthcare is moving from the democratization of medical knowledge toward the democratization of medical data.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">While this transformation has the potential to advance personalized medicine, it also raises unprecedented concerns regarding privacy, bias, and regulatory oversight.</p>



<div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">What Is the Potential Value of AI Access to Complete Medical Records?</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In theory, if AI systems can integrate patients&#8217; medical histories, health monitoring data, wearable device information, and lifestyle records, they may provide several important benefits:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>*More personalized health recommendations</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>*Earlier identification of rare diseases</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>*Enhanced epidemic and public health surveillance</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>*Greater utilization of Real-World Data (RWD)</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>*Accelerated clinical research and drug development</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">For researchers, large-scale and real-time integration of health data may become a critical foundation for the future of precision medicine.</p>



<div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Medical Records Are Not Entirely Objective</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">However, the authors highlight an important reality: </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Electronic health records are not neutral repositories of facts.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In addition to objective laboratory and diagnostic findings, medical records often contain subjective assessments and interpretations made by healthcare professionals.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Examples include:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>1. Behavioral descriptions of patients</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>2. Preliminary diagnostic impressions</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>3. Unconfirmed clinical assumptions</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>4. Potentially biased language or documentation</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">If AI systems learn directly from these records, they may reproduce—or even amplify—existing biases.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">For example, a patient suffering from chronic pain may have previously been labeled as &#8220;drug-seeking.&#8221; Even if subsequent evaluations confirm a legitimate physiological cause for the pain, an AI system may still be influenced by earlier documentation and provide less appropriate recommendations.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In other words, AI systems may learn not only medical knowledge but also the biases embedded within healthcare systems.</p>



<div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">AI May Reinforce Existing Health Disparities</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The authors further note that healthcare systems already face significant health disparities.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Patients from different racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and demographic backgrounds may experience unequal diagnosis and treatment.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">If such disparities are reflected in EHR data and AI systems treat these records as objective truth, future applications may generate:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>*Biased diagnoses</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>*Biased recommendations</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>*Biased risk assessments</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">As a result, existing healthcare inequities could become further entrenched.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Therefore, the risks associated with AI may stem not only from the model itself but also from the data used to train and inform it.</p>



<div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Can HIPAA Protect Patient Data Uploaded to AI Platforms?</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Another key issue discussed in the article is data privacy.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Many patients assume that their medical information remains protected under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">However, the authors point out that once patients voluntarily upload their medical records to a commercial AI platform, those data may no longer be fully protected under HIPAA.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The reason is that most AI platforms are not considered HIPAA-covered entities.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Consequently:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>1. HIPAA restrictions on data use may not apply.</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>2. HIPAA security requirements may not apply.</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>3. HIPAA breach notification obligations may not apply.</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Although AI companies may promise strong privacy protections, corporate privacy policies are fundamentally different from legally enforceable regulatory safeguards.</p>



<div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Lack of Transparency May Be the Greater Concern</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">According to the authors, the most significant challenge may not be data breaches, but rather the lack of transparency.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Currently, independent researchers have limited ability to evaluate:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>*Whether AI systems exhibit bias against specific populations</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>*Whether safety incidents have occurred</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>*Whether inappropriate medical recommendations are being generated</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>*Whether AI is influencing patients&#8217; healthcare-seeking behavior</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Because these data remain under the control of platform developers, external validation is often impossible.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">As a result, even when AI companies report strong performance, there may be insufficient independent evidence to verify such claims.</p>



<div style="height:66px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">PI-Union Medical Science Commentary</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Health-focused AI platforms such as ChatGPT Health represent an important milestone in the evolution of AI-powered healthcare. For the first time, patients may be able to provide AI systems with comprehensive health records for personalized analysis.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">However, when AI begins reading entire medical records, it receives not only information about diseases and treatments but also decades of accumulated clinical assumptions, documentation biases, and systemic healthcare challenges.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">For this reason, the future development of healthcare AI should not focus solely on technological innovation. Equal attention must be given to data governance, clinical evidence generation, regulatory oversight, and ongoing performance monitoring.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Only through robust safeguards can AI become a tool for improving healthcare outcomes rather than amplifying existing inequities and risks.</p>



<div style="height:62px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Reference: <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2850216?guestAccessKey=30f83563-1139-4dfd-a955-782b243929ff&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=postup_jn&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert-jama&amp;utm_content=olf-tfl_&amp;utm_term=061126">When Patients Share Everything With an AI Chatbot–Risks and Opportunities of Large Language Models</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Reviewer: <a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* E-mail:&nbsp;piunion@pi-union.com</p>



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<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* LINE: @654eukag</p>
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		<title>ChatGPT Health與AI醫療新時代：電子病歷上傳AI的風險與機會</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/06/12/chatgpt-health%e8%88%87ai%e9%86%ab%e7%99%82%e6%96%b0%e6%99%82%e4%bb%a3%ef%bc%9a%e9%9b%bb%e5%ad%90%e7%97%85%e6%ad%b7%e4%b8%8a%e5%82%b3ai%e7%9a%84%e9%a2%a8%e9%9a%aa%e8%88%87%e6%a9%9f%e6%9c%83/</link>
					<comments>https://pi-union.com/2026/06/12/chatgpt-health%e8%88%87ai%e9%86%ab%e7%99%82%e6%96%b0%e6%99%82%e4%bb%a3%ef%bc%9a%e9%9b%bb%e5%ad%90%e7%97%85%e6%ad%b7%e4%b8%8a%e5%82%b3ai%e7%9a%84%e9%a2%a8%e9%9a%aa%e8%88%87%e6%a9%9f%e6%9c%83/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2026 02:35:43 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ChatGPT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[JAMA]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=26155</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[JAMA觀點導讀：當患者把完整病歷交給AI——ChatGPT Health帶來的機會與風險 從醫療知識民主化到 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>JAMA</strong><strong>觀點導讀：當患者把完整病歷交給AI——ChatGPT Health</strong><strong>帶來的機會與風險</strong></h4>



<div style="height:56px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>從醫療知識民主化到醫療資料民主化</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">隨著大型語言模型（Large Language Models, LLMs）快速進入醫療領域，人工智慧不再只是提供一般健康資訊，而開始直接接觸患者最敏感的個人健康資料。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">近期刊登於《JAMA》的 Viewpoint 文章〈<a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2850216?guestAccessKey=30f83563-1139-4dfd-a955-782b243929ff&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=postup_jn&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert-jama&amp;utm_content=olf-tfl_&amp;utm_term=061126">When Patients Share Everything With an AI Chatbot: Risks and Opportunities of Large Language Models</a>〉，探討了新一代健康型 AI 平台（如 ChatGPT Health）所帶來的機會與挑戰。作者指出，當患者能夠將完整電子病歷（Electronic Health Records, EHRs）直接同步至 AI 系統時，我們正從「醫療知識的民主化」邁向「醫療資料的民主化」。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這項變革可能促進個人化醫療發展，但同時也引發前所未有的隱私、偏見與法規問題。</p>



<div style="height:56px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>AI</strong><strong>讀取完整病歷：潛在價值何在？</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">理論上，如果 AI 能夠整合患者的病歷資料、健康監測數據、穿戴裝置資訊以及生活型態紀錄，將可能帶來多項效益：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* 提供更個人化的健康建議</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* 協助罕見疾病的早期辨識</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* 強化流行病監測能力</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* 促進真實世界資料（Real-World Data, RWD）的運用</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* 加速臨床研究與藥物開發</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">對於研究人員而言，大規模且即時的健康資料整合，更有機會成為未來精準醫療（Precision Medicine）的重要基礎。</p>



<div style="height:56px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>醫療紀錄並非完全客觀</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">然而，作者提醒我們一個重要事實：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">「電子病歷不是中立的事實倉庫。」</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">病歷中的內容除了客觀檢驗數據外，也包含醫護人員的主觀判斷與描述。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">例如：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>1. 對患者的行為評價</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>2. 初步診斷推測</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>3. 尚未證實的臨床印象</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>4. 可能帶有偏見的文字紀錄</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">如果 AI 系統直接學習這些內容，可能會將既有偏見複製甚至放大。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">例如某位慢性疼痛患者曾被標註為「疑似尋求藥物（drug-seeking）」，即使後續證實其疼痛有明確生理原因，AI 仍可能受到早期紀錄影響，而提供較不適當的建議。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">換言之，AI 不只是學習醫學知識，也可能學習醫療體系中的偏見。</p>



<div style="height:56px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>AI</strong><strong>可能複製醫療不平等</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">作者進一步指出，醫療體系本身就存在健康不平等（Health Disparities）問題。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">不同種族、性別、社經背景的患者，在診斷與治療過程中可能面臨不同待遇。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">若這些偏差已存在於電子病歷中，而 AI 又將其視為「真實資料」進行學習，未來可能形成：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* 偏差診斷（Biased Diagnosis）</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* 偏差建議（Biased Recommendations）</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* 偏差風險評估（Biased Risk Assessment）</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">最終使既有醫療不平等被進一步強化。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">因此，AI 的風險不一定來自模型本身，而可能來自模型所學習的資料。</p>



<div style="height:56px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>HIPAA</strong><strong>保護不了患者主動上傳的資料？</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">文章另一項值得關注的議題是資料隱私。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">許多患者認為醫療資料受到 HIPAA（Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act）保護，因此相當安全。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">然而作者指出：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">當患者自行將病歷上傳至商業化 AI 平台後，這些資料未必仍受到 HIPAA 的完整保障。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">原因在於：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">AI 平台通常不是 HIPAA 所定義的醫療照護提供者（Covered Entity）。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">因此：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>1. HIPAA 的資料使用限制可能不適用</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>2. HIPAA 的資訊安全規範可能不適用</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>3. HIPAA 的資料外洩通報義務可能不適用</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">雖然企業可能承諾保護使用者隱私，但企業政策與法律保障仍有本質上的差異。</p>



<div style="height:56px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>缺乏透明度是更大的問題</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">作者認為，目前最大的隱憂或許不是資料外洩，而是缺乏透明度。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">目前外界難以得知：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* AI 是否對特定族群產生偏見</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* 是否曾發生安全事件</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* 是否提供不當醫療建議</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>* 是否影響患者就醫行為</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">由於相關資料掌握在平台開發者手中，獨立研究人員往往無法進行驗證。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">因此，即使 AI 系統宣稱具有良好效能，也缺乏足夠的第三方證據支持。</p>



<div style="height:100px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>百聯</strong>醫學評論</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">ChatGPT Health 類型的產品代表醫療 AI 發展的重要里程碑，也讓患者首次有機會將自己的完整健康資料交由 AI 分析。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">然而，當 AI 開始閱讀完整病歷時，它接收到的不只是疾病資訊，也包括醫療體系長期累積的偏見、誤判與制度性問題。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">因此，未來醫療 AI 的發展不應只關注技術創新，更需要建立完善的資料管理、臨床證據與法規監管機制，才能真正讓 AI 成為改善健康照護的工具，而非放大既有問題的新風險來源。</p>



<div style="height:100px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Reference: <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2850216?guestAccessKey=30f83563-1139-4dfd-a955-782b243929ff&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=postup_jn&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert-jama&amp;utm_content=olf-tfl_&amp;utm_term=061126">When Patients Share Everything With an AI Chatbot&#8211;Risks and Opportunities of Large Language Models</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Reviewer: <a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">* E-mail:&nbsp;piunion@pi-union.com</p>



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		<title>The Nature and Development of Early Childhood in R. Steiner’s Spiritual Science</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/05/27/the-nature-and-development-of-early-childhood-in-r-steiners-spiritual-science/</link>
					<comments>https://pi-union.com/2026/05/27/the-nature-and-development-of-early-childhood-in-r-steiners-spiritual-science/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 May 2026 04:28:30 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spiritual Science]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=26108</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[R.Steiner靈性科學觀點下幼兒生命的本質與發展 梁可憲(Ke-Hsien Liang)；王智弘(Chih [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">R.Steiner靈性科學觀點下幼兒生命的本質與發展</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">梁可憲(Ke-Hsien Liang)；王智弘(Chih-Hung Wang)</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>《幼兒教保研究》 21期 (2019/01) Pp. 39-57</em></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The research is based on <strong>Spiritual Science</strong>, also known as <strong>Anthroposophy</strong>, which was founded by <strong>R. Steiner</strong>, to interpret the law of karma and essence of spiritual life of human being. The picture of early-childhood education in the light of Anthroposophy involves the source of life, stages of development, and the purpose of education. </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The conclusions are:&nbsp;</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">1. <strong>Life is for the development of the spirit itself. </strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">2. <strong>Every child has his/her own unique and individual spirit and purpose. </strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">3. <strong>Educators must see the spiritual life picture holistically, including karmic conditions. </strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">4. Children imitate everything around them and set their body foundation which will make their future health and creativity possibly developed. Therefore, <strong>good simple life and life rhythm are essential in early childhood</strong>. Facing the crisis on materialism and modernity, Spiritual Science might inspire a new paradigm of early-childhood education.</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Commentary: The Role and Challenges of Spiritual Education in Early Childhood Development</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Liang Ke-Hsien and Wang Chih-Hung’s article, <em>“The Essence and Development of Early Childhood Life from Rudolf Steiner’s Perspective of Spiritual Science,”</em> published in Issue 21 of <em>Early Childhood Education Research</em>, is a rare and thought-provoking study that examines the essence of early childhood education through the lens of spiritual philosophy. Grounded in Rudolf Steiner’s Anthroposophy and spiritual science, the article explores the spiritual nature of young children, concepts of karma, and the process of human becoming, while further discussing their implications for contemporary educational practice.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2728.png" alt="✨" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Spiritual Development as the Purpose of Life: A Return to Educational Philosophy?</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">One of the paper’s most inspiring propositions is the idea that “spiritual development itself is the ultimate purpose of life,” transcending the utilitarian orientation of mainstream education that emphasizes competence, performance, or social adaptation. Such a perspective challenges today’s highly institutionalized and standardized early childhood education systems, prompting us to ask: <em>Has education forgotten that children are spiritual beings rather than merely social instruments to be shaped?</em></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Furthermore, the authors argue that every child enters this life with an individual mission and karmic background, and therefore should be educated with respect for their individuality and soul journey. This notion resonates with contemporary Western educational psychology concepts such as “strengths-based learning” and “personalized learning,” yet adds a deeper philosophical and spiritual dimension.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f9d8.png" alt="🧘" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> The Transformation of the Teacher’s Role: From Knowledge Transmitter to Karmic Companion</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The article’s educational implications place strong emphasis on the idea that educators should learn to perceive the karmic consequences and spiritual signs present within each child. This perspective raises the expectations of teacher professionalism to a remarkably high level—not only requiring pedagogical competence, but also the capacity to understand human nature and spiritual development.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Although this viewpoint is intellectually and spiritually inspiring, its feasibility within existing educational systems and teacher-training institutions remains open to debate and further examination.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f476.png" alt="👶" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Imitation and Role Modeling: How a Benevolent Worldview Shapes Character</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Steiner-inspired education emphasizes the belief that “the world is good” as a foundational assumption in early childhood education. This premise provides an important basis for children’s imitative learning. The authors point out that imitation is not merely behavioral copying, but a process of projecting and internalizing spiritual forces.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In contemporary educational theories that stress social imitation and role learning, this paper offers a deeper interpretive framework. It also calls upon teachers themselves to become moral exemplars whose character and conduct subtly influence the spiritual growth of children.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4cc.png" alt="📌" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Critique and Reflection: Bridging Science and Spirituality</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Nevertheless, the article raises several important questions worthy of reflection:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>The boundaries of spiritual language in education:</strong><br>Within the context of Anthroposophy, concepts such as “past lives,” “karma,” and “spiritual mission” may appear overly esoteric to some educators and parents. A major challenge lies in translating these profound philosophical ideas into practical and actionable teaching methods.</li>



<li><strong>Integration with positivist educational paradigms:</strong><br>Modern education systems tend to emphasize empirical approaches such as behavioral observation, developmental assessment, and cognitive theory. How spiritually oriented educational perspectives can be understood and accepted within such frameworks requires further dialogue and evidence-based practice.</li>



<li><strong>The possibility of cultural localization:</strong><br>Steiner’s philosophy originated within the cultural context of early twentieth-century Germany. Although the authors attempt to reinterpret his educational ideas for contemporary readers, the practicality of implementing these concepts within Taiwanese society remains uncertain—especially amid the tensions between diverse belief systems and secular educational institutions.</li>
</ul>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f331.png" alt="🌱" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> Conclusion: Repositioning Spiritual Education</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Liang and Wang’s article introduces into Taiwanese academia an educational dimension that has long been overlooked: the growth and dignity of spiritual life. At a time when global education is increasingly driven by technology and performance metrics, revisiting the spiritual foundations of education encourages us to reconsider the fundamental question: <em><strong>What is education for?</strong></em></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The article ultimately reminds us that education is not merely the transmission of knowledge, but an encounter and cultivation between souls.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Looking forward, if Anthroposophical spirituality could be integrated with modern educational technologies and methodologies, it may be possible to develop a cross-disciplinary and cross-belief “new model of spiritual education” that opens a new horizon for contemporary early childhood education.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Translator and Reviewer:&nbsp;<a href="https://course.pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/1997468X-201901-201911070004-201911070004-39-57" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">R. Steiner靈性科學觀點下幼兒生命的本質與發展</a></p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



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		<title>生命線推出後青少年與年輕成人自殺死亡率顯著下降</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/04/28/%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e7%b7%9a%e6%8e%a8%e5%87%ba%e5%be%8c%e9%9d%92%e5%b0%91%e5%b9%b4%e8%88%87%e5%b9%b4%e8%bc%95%e6%88%90%e4%ba%ba%e8%87%aa%e6%ae%ba%e6%ad%bb%e4%ba%a1%e7%8e%87%e9%a1%af%e8%91%97%e4%b8%8b/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2026 03:46:53 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[1925]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[1995]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[988]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[death rate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[JAMA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lifeline]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[suicide]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[死亡率]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[生命線]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[自殺]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[青少年]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=26076</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[自殺與危機生命線推出後青少年與年輕成人之自殺死亡率 Vishal R. Patel, et al. JAMA. [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[		<div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="26076" class="elementor elementor-26076">
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									<h3 class="wp-block-heading">自殺與危機生命線推出後青少年與年輕成人之自殺死亡率</h3>
<p><!-- /wp:heading --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>Vishal R. Patel, et al. <em><strong>JAMA</strong></em>. 2026 Apr 22:e265157.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --></p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">背景</h4>
<p><!-- /wp:heading --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>自殺仍然是美國青少年與年輕成人的主要死因之一。 2022年7月，美國推出「988自殺與危機生命線」（988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline），以三位數電話號碼取代原本的10位數（1-800-273-TALK），並投入超過15億美元以擴大全國危機中心的服務能力與人力。³ 在隨後三年內，該生命線的聯繫次數增加超過兩倍，且青少年與年輕成人的使用比例顯著較高。⁵ 然而，該服務推出後，此族群在整體人口層級的自殺死亡率是否有所改變，仍未明確。</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --></p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">方法</h4>
<p><!-- /wp:heading --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>本研究使用國家生命統計系統（National Vital Statistics System）1999年至2024年的資料，分析15至34歲族群的季度自殺死亡率。該系統為涵蓋全美死亡證明的登錄資料庫。自殺死亡以《國際疾病分類第十版》（ICD-10）之死因編碼U03及X60–X84辨識。</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>研究使用1999年1月至2022年6月的資料，建立在未推出988生命線情況下的預期自殺死亡率模型。並透過考慮長期趨勢與季節變化的<strong>季節性自迴歸整合移動平均模型（SARIMA）</strong>，預測推出後的預期死亡數。</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>此外，根據物質濫用與心理健康服務管理局（SAMHSA）的州層級988績效報告，依據2024年10月至12月與2022年7月至9月之間每月接聽電話數的相對變化，將各州排序，並針對增幅最大與最小的10州進行分層分析。研究比較2022年7月至2024年12月期間觀察值與預期值的差異。</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --></p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">敏感度分析</h4>
<p><!-- /wp:heading --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>進行多項敏感度分析，包括：</p>
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<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>分析65歲以上成人（此族群較少使用988，預期自殺率下降幅度較小）。</li>
<li>分析一項不太可能受危機服務影響的死因（惡性腫瘤）。</li>
<li>分析英格蘭青少年自殺趨勢（該地區未進行類似危機熱線改革）。</li>
<li>排除COVID-19疫情期間（2020–2022）資料後重新建模，以評估疫情是否影響預測結果。</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list-item --></p>
<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;"> </li>
</ol>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list-item --></p>
<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;"> </li>
</ol>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list-item --></p>
<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;"> </li>
</ol>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- /wp:list --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>本研究因使用去識別化公開資料，獲Harvard Medical School Institutional Review Board豁免人體研究審查，並遵循STROBE報告準則。所有統計檢定皆為雙尾檢定，顯著水準為α＝0.05。</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --></p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">結果</h4>
<p><!-- /wp:heading --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>2022年7月至2024年12月期間，全國15至34歲族群的觀察自殺死亡數低於依據過去趨勢預測的預期值。</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list --></p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list"><!-- wp:list-item --></ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>實際觀察：35,529例</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list-item --></p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>預期死亡：39,901例（95% CI：38,924–40,878）</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list-item --></p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>減少幅度：11.0%（95% CI：8.7%–13.1%）</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list-item --></p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>減少人數：約4,372人</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- /wp:list --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>在州別分析中：</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list --></p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list"><!-- wp:list-item --></ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>高使用州（前10州）</strong>：<br />電話接聽量增加146.2%（32,635 → 80,338）<br /><strong>自殺死亡下降：−18.2%（95% CI：−21.1% 至 −15.2%）</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list-item --></p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>低使用州（後10州）</strong>：<br />電話接聽量增加23.6%（39,835 → 49,226）<br /><strong>自殺死亡下降：−10.6%（95% CI：−13.2% 至 −7.9%）</strong></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- /wp:list --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>兩組之間差異具統計顯著性。</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --></p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">敏感度分析結果</h4>
<p><!-- /wp:heading --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list --></p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list"><!-- wp:list-item --></ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>65歲以上族群下降幅度較小（−4.5%）</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list-item --></p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>惡性腫瘤死亡率未出現下降</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list-item --></p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>英格蘭未觀察到類似下降趨勢</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list-item --></p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>排除疫情資料後結果仍一致</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- /wp:list --></p>
<p><!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --></p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">討論</h4>
<p><!-- /wp:heading --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>本研究顯示，「988自殺與危機生命線」的推出與青少年及年輕成人自殺死亡率顯著下降相關，且在使用率較高的州效果更為明顯。</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>此結果與過去質性研究一致，顯示該服務可立即降低來電者的自殺意念。 然而，危機服務的持續可及性仍仰賴長期資金支持，目前估計近一半州的資源仍不足以滿足需求。</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>此外，針對年輕LGBTQ+族群（約佔來電10%）的專門服務已被取消，可能降低其使用意願。</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --></p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">研究限制</h4>
<p><!-- /wp:heading --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>本研究為觀察性研究，無法完全排除以下干擾因素：</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list --></p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list"><!-- wp:list-item --></ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>心理健康服務的同期變化</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list-item --></p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>公眾意識提升</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- wp:list-item --></p>
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>社會經濟環境變動</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><!-- /wp:list-item --></p>
<p><!-- /wp:list --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>此外，高使用州可能同時投入其他心理健康措施，且不同州在988推出前的自殺趨勢亦存在差異，限制了因果推論。</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:heading {"level":4} --></p>
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">結論</h4>
<p><!-- /wp:heading --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>維持並擴展危機服務（包括發展符合發展階段與創傷知情的治療模式）對降低青少年與年輕成人自殺死亡率至關重要。</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:separator --></p>
<p> </p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:separator --></p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" />
<p><!-- /wp:separator --></p>
<p><!-- wp:heading {"level":3} --></p>
<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Commentary: Reassessing the Impact and Future Directions of the 988 Lifeline</strong></h3>
<p><!-- /wp:heading --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>By <strong>PI-Union Medical Science Ltd</strong>., 2026 Apr 28.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>The 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline was officially launched in July 2022, representing a major policy shift in U.S. suicide prevention through simplified access and expanded crisis response capacity. Emerging evidence suggests that its implementation is associated with a reduction in suicide mortality among adolescents and young adults.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>The reported 11% decline in suicide deaths among individuals aged 15–34 years—corresponding to <strong>over 4,000 fewer deaths</strong>—is substantial. However, the study’s focus on this age group warrants further discussion. While adolescents and young adults are high users of crisis services, restricting analysis to ages 15–34 limits understanding of broader population effects. Future research should extend analyses across the lifespan and adopt more granular age stratification to identify differential impacts among children, middle-aged, and older adults.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>The greater reduction observed in states with higher 988 utilization suggests a potential <strong>dose-response relationship</strong>, although causality remains uncertain due to the observational design and possible confounding factors, including differences in mental health infrastructure and concurrent interventions.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>Beyond methodological considerations, the findings raise important implications in the context of modern communication patterns. In an era characterized by rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) and pervasive social media use, direct interpersonal interaction is declining. For younger generations, seeking help through mediated channels—such as <strong>phone, text, or digital platforms</strong>—may be more acceptable and accessible than traditional face-to-face services.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>However, it is important to note that in the United States, 988 remains primarily a telephone-based crisis lifeline rather than a fully integrated digital service system. From a policy perspective, this highlights an opportunity for further evolution. In Taiwan, where telephone lifeline (e.g. <b>1995</b> and <b>1925</b>) services have long been established, future development should move beyond voice-based systems toward comprehensive digital platforms, including <b>online chat, mobile applications, and AI-assisted support</b>. Such expansion would better align with the communication preferences and help-seeking behaviors of younger generations.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>In conclusion, while the 988 Lifeline shows promising early impact, its long-term effectiveness will depend on sustained investment, broader population coverage, and the ability of crisis intervention systems to evolve alongside changing communication ecosystems.</p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:separator --></p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" />
<p><!-- /wp:separator --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p>Reference: <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2848066"><strong>Suicide Mortality Among Adolescents and Young Adults After Launch of a Suicide and Crisis Lifeline</strong></a></p>
<p><!-- /wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></p>
<p><strong>Reviewer: <a href="https://course.pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>
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		<title>Key Turning Points in Cancer Vaccines</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/03/07/key-turning-points-in-cancer-vaccines/</link>
					<comments>https://pi-union.com/2026/03/07/key-turning-points-in-cancer-vaccines/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 07 Mar 2026 15:28:37 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cancer Vaccine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UK]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[癌症疫苗]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=26021</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Key Turning Points in Cancer Vaccines: Rethinking the G [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Key Turning Points in Cancer Vaccines: Rethinking the Global Strategy from Technological Breakthroughs to Strategic Implementation</h3>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>A Review and Commentary on the Emerging Era of Cancer Vaccines</strong></p>

<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Abstract</h4>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In recent years, rapid advances in vaccine technology and tumor immunology have brought cancer vaccines back into the global spotlight. The United Kingdom’s <strong>Cancer Vaccine Advance</strong> program, launched in 2023, aims to provide <strong>personalized mRNA cancer vaccines</strong> to 10,000 patients by 2030, marking a critical milestone in transitioning cancer vaccines from proof-of-concept to large-scale clinical application. This review summarizes the development history of cancer vaccines, recent technological breakthroughs, and clinical evidence, while analyzing how <strong>artificial intelligence (AI), genomics, and vaccine platform technologies</strong> are reshaping cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, the review incorporates global policy and research investment trends to discuss the strategic significance of cancer vaccines in future public health and precision medicine.</p>

<h4 class="wp-block-heading">I. Cancer Vaccines: From Concept to Clinical Turning Points</h4>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Vaccines have long been regarded as a public health tool for preventing infectious diseases by priming the immune system to defend against pathogens before infection occurs. Cancer vaccines, however, differ in both design and purpose. They aim not only to prevent cancer but also to serve as therapeutic tools that enable the immune system to recognize and eliminate tumor cells.</p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Cancer vaccines can generally be classified into two categories:</p>

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Preventive vaccines</strong></li>

<li><strong>Therapeutic vaccines</strong></li>
</ul>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Currently, preventive vaccines remain the most clinically impactful, with notable examples including:</p>

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Hepatitis B vaccines</strong> (preventing liver cancer)</li>

<li><strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines</strong> (preventing cervical cancer)</li>
</ul>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">By contrast, therapeutic cancer vaccines have developed more slowly. To date, only a limited number of therapeutic cancer vaccines or vaccine-based immunotherapies have gained regulatory approval:</p>

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin)</strong> for bladder cancer</li>

<li><strong>Talimogene laherparepvec</strong> for melanoma</li>

<li><strong>Sipuleucel-T</strong> for prostate cancer</li>
</ul>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">While these vaccines demonstrate the feasibility of immunotherapy, their clinical use remains limited.</p>

<h4 class="wp-block-heading">II. COVID-19 Pandemic: An Unexpected Catalyst for Cancer Vaccine Development</h4>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Since 2020, the success of COVID-19 vaccines has transformed the trajectory of global vaccine technology. The rapid development and large-scale production of mRNA vaccines dramatically shortened the vaccine development cycle, which previously took decades.</p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Key infrastructures established during the pandemic include:</p>

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>mRNA vaccine manufacturing technologies</li>

<li>Global cold-chain logistics</li>

<li>Real-time genomic surveillance</li>

<li>Large-scale clinical trial platforms</li>

<li>Cross-national government–industry collaboration models</li>
</ul>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">After the pandemic, these infrastructures were quickly repurposed for other medical research fields, most notably <strong>cancer vaccines</strong>.</p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The UK’s 2023 <strong>Cancer Vaccine Advance</strong> program is a representative example. By integrating government, academic, and industry resources and conducting large-scale clinical trials across multiple tumor types, this program aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of <strong>personalized mRNA cancer vaccines</strong>.</p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This national-level strategy demonstrates that cancer vaccines are no longer merely an academic research topic but have become a key indicator of national healthcare and biotech competitiveness.</p>

<h4 class="wp-block-heading">III. Technological Breakthroughs: Personalized Cancer Vaccines and the Neoantigen Revolution</h4>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The most significant breakthrough in cancer vaccine research has come from <strong>neoantigen vaccines</strong>.</p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Tumor cells acquire genetic mutations that produce <strong>tumor-specific protein variants</strong>—neoantigens—that are absent in normal tissues, making them ideal immunotherapy targets.</p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Through <strong>next-generation sequencing (NGS)</strong> and <strong>bioinformatic analysis</strong>, researchers can:</p>

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Characterize the mutational landscape of a patient’s tumor</li>

<li>Predict immunogenic antigens</li>

<li>Design personalized vaccines</li>
</ul>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The <strong>mRNA vaccine platform</strong> provides the speed and flexibility required for personalized manufacturing.</p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In a phase 2 clinical trial, the personalized mRNA neoantigen vaccine <strong>mRNA-4157</strong>, combined with the <strong>immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab</strong>, showed a substantial reduction in recurrence in melanoma patients, with a <strong>recurrence-free survival rate of 79%</strong>, demonstrating the clinical potential of personalized vaccines.</p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Another approach involves <strong>shared antigen vaccines</strong>, which target common tumor-driving genes such as <strong>HER2 (ERBB2)</strong>, and have demonstrated long-term immune responses in multiple clinical trials.</p>

<h4 class="wp-block-heading">IV. Artificial Intelligence and Cancer Vaccine Design</h4>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">One of the greatest challenges in cancer vaccine development is <strong>antigen selection</strong>. Tumors are highly heterogeneous, and many are <strong>immunologically “cold”</strong>, meaning their microenvironments lack immune cell infiltration, particularly T cells, limiting effective immune responses.</p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Artificial intelligence and high-performance computing are transforming this landscape. By training <strong>generative AI models</strong>, researchers can predict the most immunogenic antigen combinations and design <strong>multi-antigen vaccines</strong>.</p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The UK’s <strong>Cancer Vaccines AI &amp; Supercompute Project</strong> trains AI models on real tumor datasets to accelerate antigen discovery and vaccine design. These technologies have the potential to shorten development timelines and improve treatment precision.</p>

<h4 class="wp-block-heading">V. Global Scientific Competition and Policy Implications</h4>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">From a global perspective, the United States remains a leader in cancer vaccine research, producing approximately half of all related publications. However, recent reductions in US funding for vaccine and related technology research may hinder future innovation.</p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In contrast, Europe and the UK are actively repurposing biotechnology infrastructure developed during the pandemic for cancer research and accelerating clinical translation through national-level programs.</p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The cancer vaccine market is also experiencing rapid growth:</p>

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>2023:</strong> approximately <strong>$10.12 billion</strong></li>

<li><strong>2032 (projected):</strong> approximately <strong>$42.58 billion</strong></li>
</ul>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This trend indicates that cancer vaccines are not only a medical breakthrough but also an emerging arena of global biopharmaceutical competition.</p>

<h4 class="wp-block-heading">VI. Future Directions: From Treatment to Prevention</h4>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Cancer vaccine strategies are undergoing a major shift. Historically focused on treating advanced tumors, emerging research suggests that vaccination during <strong>minimal residual disease (MRD)</strong> stages may be more effective in preventing recurrence.</p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Future applications may include:</p>

<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Postoperative recurrence prevention</li>

<li>Immunoprevention of premalignant lesions</li>

<li>Preventive vaccines for high-risk populations</li>
</ul>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This approach will increasingly integrate cancer vaccines into <strong>public health and preventive medicine frameworks</strong>.</p>

<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Conclusion</h4>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The development of cancer vaccines has undergone decades of exploration, with early results limited. However, advances in <strong>mRNA technology, genomics, and artificial intelligence</strong> mark a critical turning point. The UK’s <strong>Cancer Vaccine Advance</strong> program and multiple global clinical trials indicate that cancer vaccines are transitioning from conceptual research to practical clinical application.</p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In the context of rising cancer incidence worldwide, cancer vaccines not only have the potential to transform tumor treatment paradigms but also to serve as a <strong>key tool in cancer prevention and public health</strong>. Continued investment in research, integration of AI, and application of precision medicine technologies may enable cancer vaccines to become the next major breakthrough in medical history.</p>
<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity" />
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Reference: <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2844899?guestAccessKey=45e6eb69-cba2-4cc2-89f1-265c2e53ca99&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=postup_jn&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert-jamaoncology&amp;utm_content=olf-recommended-tfl_&amp;utm_term=030526"><strong>The Time for Cancer Vaccines Is Now Advancing Toward Lasting Cancer Immunity</strong></a></p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph">中文版: <a href="https://pi-union.com/2026/03/07/%e7%99%8c%e7%97%87%e7%96%ab%e8%8b%97%e7%9a%84%e9%97%9c%e9%8d%b5%e8%bd%89%e6%8a%98%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e5%be%9e%e6%8a%80%e8%a1%93%e7%aa%81%e7%a0%b4%e5%88%b0%e5%85%a8%e7%90%83%e6%88%b0%e7%95%a5%e7%9a%84/"><strong>癌症疫苗的關鍵轉折點：從技術突破到全球戰略的再思考</strong></a></p>

<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Reviewer: <a href="https://course.pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>

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<p class="wp-block-paragraph"> </p>
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		<title>癌症疫苗的關鍵轉折點：從技術突破到全球戰略的再思考</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/03/07/%e7%99%8c%e7%97%87%e7%96%ab%e8%8b%97%e7%9a%84%e9%97%9c%e9%8d%b5%e8%bd%89%e6%8a%98%e9%bb%9e%ef%bc%9a%e5%be%9e%e6%8a%80%e8%a1%93%e7%aa%81%e7%a0%b4%e5%88%b0%e5%85%a8%e7%90%83%e6%88%b0%e7%95%a5%e7%9a%84/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 07 Mar 2026 14:45:22 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cancer vaccines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[JAMA Oncology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[癌症疫苗]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=26018</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[癌症疫苗的關鍵轉折點：從技術突破到全球戰略的再思考 A Review and Commentary on th [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">癌症疫苗的關鍵轉折點：從技術突破到全球戰略的再思考</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>A Review and Commentary on the Emerging Era of Cancer Vaccines</em></p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">摘要</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">近年來，隨著疫苗科技與腫瘤免疫學的快速發展，癌症疫苗再度成為全球醫學研究的焦點。2023 年英國啟動的 Cancer Vaccine Advance 計畫，旨在於 2030 年前為 1 萬名癌症患者提供個人化 mRNA 癌症疫苗接種，象徵癌症疫苗從概念驗證邁向大規模臨床應用的重要里程碑。本文綜述癌症疫苗的發展歷程、最新技術突破與臨床證據，並分析人工智慧、基因體醫學與疫苗平台技術如何重塑癌症免疫治療。同時，本文結合全球政策與科研投資趨勢，探討癌症疫苗在未來公共衛生與精準醫療中的戰略意義。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">一、癌症疫苗：從理論概念到臨床轉折</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">疫苗長期以來主要被視為預防傳染病的公共衛生工具，其基本原理是透過刺激免疫系統，使人體在病原體感染前即具備防禦能力。然而，癌症疫苗的設計理念與傳統疫苗有所不同，其目標不僅在於預防癌症發生，也可作為治療工具，促使免疫系統辨識並清除腫瘤細胞。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">癌症疫苗大致可分為兩類：</p>



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>預防性疫苗（preventive vaccines）</strong></li>



<li><strong>治療性疫苗（therapeutic vaccines）</strong></li>
</ol>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">目前臨床上已證實具有顯著公共衛生效益的主要為預防性疫苗，例如：</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>B型肝炎疫苗（預防肝癌）</li>



<li>人類乳突病毒疫苗（預防子宮頸癌）</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">相比之下，治療性癌症疫苗的發展較為緩慢。截至目前為止，僅有少數獲得監管機構批准：</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) （用於膀胱癌，屬於活性減毒細菌免疫療法）</li>



<li>talimogene laherparepvec（用於黑色素瘤，屬於溶瘤病毒治療）</li>



<li>sipuleucel-T（用於前列腺癌，屬於自體樹突細胞疫苗）</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">然而，這些療法在臨床應用上仍受到療效幅度、製程複雜性與成本等因素限制。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">二、COVID-19 疫情：癌症疫苗發展的意外催化劑</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">2020 年以後，COVID-19 疫苗的成功改變了全球疫苗科技的發展軌跡。mRNA 疫苗平台的快速研發與大規模生產，使得原本需要數十年的疫苗開發週期大幅縮短。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">疫情期間建立的關鍵基礎設施包括：</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>mRNA 疫苗製造技術</li>



<li>全球冷鏈物流系統</li>



<li>即時基因體監測</li>



<li>大規模臨床試驗平台</li>



<li>跨國政府與產業合作模式</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這些基礎設施在疫情後迅速被轉化為其他醫療領域的研發能力，其中最受關注的便是癌症疫苗。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">英國在 2023 年啟動的 <strong>Cancer Vaccine Advance 計畫</strong> 即是一個代表性案例。該計畫結合政府、學界與產業資源，透過跨腫瘤類型的大型臨床試驗，評估個人化 mRNA 癌症疫苗的安全性與療效。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這種國家級戰略顯示，癌症疫苗已從單純的學術研究議題，逐漸上升為<strong>國家醫療與生物科技競爭力的重要指標</strong>。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">三、技術突破：個人化癌症疫苗與新抗原革命</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">癌症疫苗研究的最大突破來自於<strong>新抗原（neoantigen）疫苗</strong>的出現。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">腫瘤細胞在基因突變過程中會產生特定的蛋白質變異，這些變異抗原只存在於腫瘤細胞，而不存在於正常組織，因此成為理想的免疫治療標靶。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">透過次世代定序與生物資訊分析，研究人員可以：</p>



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>解析患者腫瘤的突變圖譜</li>



<li>預測具有免疫原性的抗原</li>



<li>設計個人化疫苗</li>
</ol>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">mRNA 疫苗平台則提供了快速製造與高度客製化的能力。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">在一項第二期臨床試驗中，個人化 mRNA 新抗原疫苗 <strong>mRNA-4157</strong> 與免疫檢查點抑制劑(immune checkpoint inhibitor) pembrolizumab 聯合治療黑色素瘤患者，顯示復發率明顯下降，無復發存活率(Recurrence-Free Survival)達 79%，顯示個人化疫苗具有實際臨床潛力。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">此外，另一類研究方向是<strong>共享抗原疫苗（shared antigen vaccines）</strong>，例如針對 HER2（ERBB2）等腫瘤驅動基因的疫苗，亦在多項臨床試驗中展現長期免疫反應。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">四、人工智慧與癌症疫苗設計</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">癌症疫苗最大的挑戰之一是<strong>抗原選擇</strong>。<br>腫瘤具有高度異質性，且許多腫瘤屬於「免疫冷腫瘤」（immune cold tumor），也就是腫瘤微環境中<strong>幾乎沒有免疫細胞（尤其是 T 細胞）浸潤的腫瘤</strong>，免疫細胞難以進入腫瘤微環境。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">人工智慧與高效能計算正在改變這一局面。透過訓練生成式 AI 模型，研究人員可以預測最具免疫原性的抗原組合，並設計多抗原疫苗。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">英國的 <strong>Cancer Vaccines AI &amp; Supercomputer Project</strong> 即利用真實腫瘤資料訓練 AI，以加速疫苗靶點的發現與設計。這類技術可能大幅縮短疫苗開發時間，並提高治療精準度。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">五、全球科技競爭與政策意涵</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">從全球科研格局來看，美國仍是癌症疫苗研究的主要領導者，約佔全球相關論文的一半。然而，近期美國對疫苗與相關科技的研究資金出現縮減趨勢，可能影響未來創新能力。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">相對而言，歐洲與英國正積極將疫情期間建立的生物科技能力轉向癌症研究，並透過國家級計畫加速臨床應用。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">癌症疫苗市場亦呈現快速成長：</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>2023 年：約 101 億美元</li>



<li>2032 年預估：425 億美元</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這意味著癌症疫苗不僅是醫學突破，也將成為全球生物醫藥產業的重要競爭領域。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">六、未來方向：從治療走向預防</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">癌症疫苗策略正在發生重要轉變。過去多數研究集中於晚期腫瘤治療，但新的研究顯示，在微小殘留疾病（minimal residual disease, MRD）階段接種疫苗，可能更有效預防癌症復發。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">未來癌症疫苗的應用可能包括：</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>術後預防復發</li>



<li>癌前病變免疫預防</li>



<li>高風險族群預防性疫苗</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這種模式將使癌症疫苗逐漸融入公共衛生與預防醫學體系。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">結論</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">癌症疫苗的發展歷經數十年的探索，雖然早期成果有限，但隨著 mRNA 技術、基因體醫學與人工智慧的進步，該領域正迎來關鍵轉折點。英國 Cancer Vaccine Advance 計畫與全球多項臨床試驗顯示，癌症疫苗已從概念研究逐漸邁向實際醫療應用。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">在癌症發生率持續上升的背景下，癌症疫苗不僅可能改變腫瘤治療模式，也有潛力成為預防癌症的重要公共衛生工具。未來若能持續投入科研資源、整合人工智慧與精準醫療技術，癌症疫苗有望成為下一個改變醫學歷史的重大突破。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Reference: <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2844899?guestAccessKey=45e6eb69-cba2-4cc2-89f1-265c2e53ca99&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=postup_jn&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert-jamaoncology&amp;utm_content=olf-recommended-tfl_&amp;utm_term=030526"><strong>The Time for Cancer Vaccines Is Now Advancing Toward Lasting Cancer Immunity</strong></a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">English version: <strong><a href="https://pi-union.com/2026/03/07/key-turning-points-in-cancer-vaccines/">Key Turning Points in Cancer Vaccines: Rethinking the Global Strategy from Technological Breakthroughs to Strategic Implementation</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Reviewer:&nbsp;<a href="https://course.pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>E-mail:&nbsp;<a href="mailto:piunion@pi-union.com">piunion@pi-union.com</a></li>



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		<title>心靈的轉變：第二代正念介入在焦慮與憂鬱中的應用</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/02/06/%e5%bf%83%e9%9d%88%e7%9a%84%e8%bd%89%e8%ae%8a%ef%bc%9a%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e4%bb%a3%e6%ad%a3%e5%bf%b5%e4%bb%8b%e5%85%a5%e5%9c%a8%e7%84%a6%e6%85%ae%e8%88%87%e6%86%82%e9%ac%b1%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%87%89/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Feb 2026 09:23:27 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[second-generation mindfulness-based interventions]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=26008</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[第二代正念介入對憂鬱與焦慮的功效：系統性回顧與統合分析 Liucan&#160;Xu, et al. Clin [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">第二代正念介入對憂鬱與焦慮的功效：系統性回顧與統合分析</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Liucan&nbsp;Xu, et al. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/clinical-psychology-review">Clinical Psychology Review</a>. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/clinical-psychology-review/vol/123/suppl/C">Volume 123</a>,&nbsp;February 2026, 102693</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">1. 研究背景</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">第二代正念介入（second-generation mindfulness-based interventions, SG-MBIs）在傳統正念介入的基礎上，<strong>明確整合倫理與慈悲相關的實踐</strong>，近年被視為在改善憂鬱與焦慮症狀方面具有潛力的心理介入模式。相較於僅聚焦於注意力與當下覺察的第一代正念介入，SG-MBIs 強調以倫理導向與慈悲動機來引導正念的運用，以促進更全面的情緒調節與心理健康。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">本研究旨在透過系統性回顧與統合分析，評估 SG-MBIs 在減少成人憂鬱與焦慮症狀方面的整體效果，並進一步檢視影響介入成效的潛在調節因素。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">2. 方法</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>研究設計</strong><br>本研究納入隨機對照試驗（randomized controlled trials, RCTs），研究對象為成人樣本，包括臨床族群、健康成人，以及具有心理困擾或身體疾病但未正式診斷之混合族群。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>資料來源</strong><br>系統性搜尋 PubMed、Web of Science 與 EBSCOhost 資料庫，檢索截至 2025 年 4 月發表之相關研究。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>效應大小計算</strong><br>採用 Hedges’ g 作為效應大小指標，比較介入組與對照組在介入後憂鬱與焦慮症狀的差異，並使用隨機效應模型進行統合分析。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">3. 主要發現</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>SG-MBIs 能顯著降低成人的憂鬱症狀（g = 0.59）與焦慮症狀（g = 0.61）。</li>



<li>介入效果在<strong>臨床族群中最為顯著</strong>，且<strong>以自我慈悲為核心的介入方案</strong>呈現較佳成效。</li>



<li>憂鬱症狀的改善在追蹤期間仍可維持，而焦慮症狀的長期效果相對不穩定。</li>



<li>受試者類型與介入類型為顯著調節因子，其餘調節變項（如控制組型態、介入時長與偏誤風險）未達顯著。</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">4. 討論</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">本研究結果顯示，SG-MBIs 在減少憂鬱與焦慮症狀方面具備穩健效果，特別適用於臨床族群與以自我慈悲為核心的介入模式。相較於僅強調注意力訓練的正念介入，SG-MBIs 可能透過培養自我關係的溫和態度與倫理導向的心理調節機制，帶來更深層的情緒改善。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">然而，現有 SG-MBIs 多以倫理與慈悲成分為主，<strong>對智慧（wisdom, prajñā）層面的直接訓練仍相對不足</strong>。未來研究有必要發展更清晰的操作型定義、標準化的介入架構，並進一步探索不同正念世代在心理治療中的角色與分工。</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">5. 限制</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>多數納入研究被評為「有一些擔憂」的偏誤風險，顯示研究品質仍有提升空間。</li>



<li>然而，在排除高偏誤風險研究後，主要結果仍維持一致，支持本研究結論的穩定性。</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">結論</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">整體而言，第二代正念介入在降低成人憂鬱與焦慮症狀方面具有顯著效果。未來研究應進一步釐清倫理與慈悲成分的關鍵作用機制，並探索智慧導向正念介入的臨床潛力，以促進更全面且具文化深度的正念治療模式。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">二、第一代正念（FG-MBIs） vs 第二代正念（SG-MBIs）的差異</h3>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table class="has-fixed-layout"><thead><tr><th>面向</th><th>第一代正念（FG-MBIs）</th><th>第二代正念（SG-MBIs）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>代表介入</td><td>MBSR、MBCT</td><td>MSC、CCT、CBCT、MAT、MBPBS、MBPP</td></tr><tr><td>理論核心</td><td>正念作為<strong>注意力</strong>與<strong>覺察</strong>技術</td><td>正念作為具<strong>倫理</strong>導向的修習</td></tr><tr><td>三學架構定位</td><td>以「定（samādhi）」為主</td><td>「戒（sīla）＋定（samādhi）」</td></tr><tr><td>核心成分</td><td>當下覺察、非評價接受</td><td>慈悲、自我慈悲、倫理反思</td></tr><tr><td>是否納入空性／智慧</td><td><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/274c.png" alt="❌" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /></td><td><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/274c.png" alt="❌" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" />（屬於第三代）</td></tr><tr><td>主要治療目標</td><td>壓力與情緒調節</td><td>情緒調節＋自我關係修復</td></tr><tr><td>心理作用機制</td><td>去中心化、減少反芻</td><td>降低羞愧、自責，提升安全感</td></tr><tr><td>應用重點</td><td>焦慮、壓力、復發預防</td><td>臨床憂鬱、焦慮、心理脆弱族群</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4cc.png" alt="📌" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>空性、無我、非二元等智慧導向實踐，依現行文獻分類，屬於第三代正念介入（TG-MBIs）</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Review of</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>“The Effectiveness of Second-Generation Mindfulness Interventions on Anxiety and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">This systematic review and meta-analysis by Xu et al. offers a timely and methodologically rigorous synthesis of the evidence on second-generation mindfulness-based interventions (SG-MBIs) for anxiety and depression in adults. By focusing on interventions that explicitly integrate ethical and moral dimensions alongside attentional mindfulness practices, the authors address an important and underexplored development in the mindfulness literature.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A major strength of this study lies in its comprehensive scope and adherence to high methodological standards. The inclusion of randomized controlled trials across clinical, non-clinical, and mixed adult populations strengthens the robustness and generalizability of the findings. The meta-analytic results demonstrate moderate and statistically significant reductions in depressive (g = 0.59) and anxiety symptoms (g = 0.61), with particularly strong effects observed in clinical samples. These findings provide compelling evidence that SG-MBIs constitute a clinically meaningful extension of first-generation mindfulness-based interventions.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The moderator analyses further enhance the contribution of this review. By identifying participant type and intervention type as significant moderators, the study highlights that SG-MBIs are not uniformly effective across populations or formats. In particular, the stronger effects associated with self-compassion–focused interventions suggest that targeting self-related processes—such as shame, self-criticism, and emotional safety—may be a key mechanism underlying symptom improvement. Moreover, the finding that reductions in depressive symptoms were sustained at follow-up underscores the potential durability of SG-MBIs, even though long-term effects on anxiety appear less stable.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Despite these strengths, several conceptual and methodological issues warrant closer consideration. First, although the authors define SG-MBIs as interventions integrating ethical and moral practices, the operationalization of these components varies substantially across included studies. Programs such as Mindful Self-Compassion, Compassion Cultivation Training, and Cognitively-Based Compassion Training differ in theoretical emphasis, pedagogical structure, and practice intensity. Treating these interventions as a relatively homogeneous category may obscure meaningful differences in underlying mechanisms and limits interpretability of the pooled estimates.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Second, while the study reports that many potential moderators (e.g., control condition, intervention duration, outcome measure, and risk of bias status) were not statistically significant, these null findings are not fully theorized. For example, the lack of a dose–response relationship may suggest that SG-MBIs operate through qualitative shifts in self–emotion relations rather than through incremental practice time alone. Greater engagement with theoretical models of compassion-based and ethics-oriented regulation could strengthen interpretation of these results.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Third, the authors appropriately note the need to explore <strong>wisdom-based practices </strong>in future research, but this recommendation would benefit from clearer conceptual boundaries. Within emerging frameworks that distinguish first-, second-, and third-generation mindfulness-based interventions, wisdom-oriented practices (e.g., insight into <strong>non-attachment, emptiness, or non-duality</strong>) are increasingly viewed as conceptually distinct from ethics- and compassion-based training. Explicitly situating SG-MBIs within this broader generational and theoretical landscape would help clarify what SG-MBIs currently achieve—and what remains beyond their scope.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Finally, although most included trials were rated as having “some concerns” regarding risk of bias, the authors’ sensitivity analyses suggest that the main findings are robust. Nonetheless, the overall quality of evidence underscores the need for more rigorously designed and adequately powered randomized controlled trials, as well as clearer reporting standards and standardized intervention protocols.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">In conclusion, this meta-analysis makes a valuable contribution to the mindfulness and mental health literature by demonstrating that SG-MBIs are effective in reducing depression and anxiety, particularly among clinical populations. By foregrounding ethical and compassion-based dimensions of mindfulness practice, the study advances understanding beyond attentional models alone. Future research would benefit from sharper conceptual definitions, theoretically informed moderator analyses, and systematic investigation of how ethics-based and wisdom-based components differentially contribute to psychological change. As such, this review provides a solid empirical foundation while also pointing toward important directions for the next phase of mindfulness intervention research.</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source: <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272735826000024"><strong>The effectiveness of second-generation mindfulness interventions on anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis</strong></a></p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Translator and Reviewer:&nbsp;<a href="https://course.pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>



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		<title>【學術前瞻】2026 年最新版 ICMJE 醫學期刊稿件規範重點全解析</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/02/04/%e3%80%90%e5%ad%b8%e8%a1%93%e5%89%8d%e7%9e%bb%e3%80%912026-%e5%b9%b4%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%89%88-icmje-%e9%86%ab%e5%ad%b8%e6%9c%9f%e5%88%8a%e7%a8%bf%e4%bb%b6%e8%a6%8f%e7%af%84%e9%87%8d%e9%bb%9e/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Feb 2026 03:19:39 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ICMJE]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=26004</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[【學術前瞻】2026 年最新版 ICMJE 醫學期刊稿件規範重點全解析 醫學研究的誠信與品質，建立在嚴謹的倫理 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">【學術前瞻】2026 年最新版 ICMJE 醫學期刊稿件規範重點全解析</h2>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">醫學研究的誠信與品質，建立在嚴謹的倫理標準之上。國際醫學期刊編輯委員會（ICMJE）於&nbsp;<strong>2026 年 1 月</strong>&nbsp;正式發布了最新版的《醫藥期刊學術工作實施、報告、編輯與出版建議》（Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals）。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">為了協助研究者與醫護同仁接軌國際最新標準，百聯醫學編譯特此整理四大核心變革與規範重點：</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">一、 作者身分（Authorship）的四項必備標準</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">根據最新規範，名列作者必須同時滿足以下四項條件，缺一不可：</p>



<ol start="1" class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>實質性貢獻</strong>：對研究的構思、設計，或數據的取得、分析與詮釋有重大貢獻。</li>



<li><strong>關鍵性起草與修訂</strong>：參與文章草擬，或對其中重要的知識內容進行關鍵性修改。</li>



<li><strong>最終版本核准</strong>：確認並核准即將出版的文章版本。</li>



<li><strong>誠信責任承擔</strong>：同意對研究的所有面向負責，確保任何關於準確性或誠信的問題都能得到妥善調查與解決。</li>
</ol>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>特別注意</strong>：僅提供經費支持、行政管理或單純語言編修（如翻譯）的人員，不符合作者資格，應列於「誌謝（Acknowledgments）」中。</p>
</blockquote>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">二、 人工智慧（AI）輔助技術的應用規範</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">針對生成式 AI（如 ChatGPT、LLM）的普及，2026 年新版規範建立了明確紅線：</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>嚴禁列為作者</strong>：AI 軟體不具備法律實體身分，無法承擔研究責任，嚴禁列為作者。</li>



<li><strong>透明揭露義務</strong>：
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>寫作輔助</strong>：若使用 AI 進行語言潤飾或校對，須在<strong>誌謝區</strong>說明。</li>



<li><strong>研究執行</strong>：若 AI 用於數據收集、分析或圖像生成，必須在 &lt;方法論(Methods)>  中詳細描述其工具名稱、版本及應用方式。</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li><strong>人類作者責任</strong>：所有 AI 生成內容的準確性、真實性及有無剽竊現象，均由人類作者負最終責任。</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">三、 研究誠信與利益衝突（Conflicts of Interest）</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>全方位揭露</strong>：作者必須透明揭露與研究相關的所有財務關係（如顧問費、專利權、股票持份）及潛在的競爭利益。</li>



<li><strong>數據存取權</strong>：作者必須保證能完全存取原始數據，不得簽署任何限制數據獨立分析或發布權力的合約。</li>



<li><strong>學術不端處理</strong>：對於數據造假、圖片非法竄改等行為，期刊將嚴格執行撤稿（Retraction）程序。</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">四、 出版倫理與同儕審查</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>臨床試驗註冊</strong>：所有臨床試驗必須在招募第一位受試者前，於公開資料庫（如 ClinicalTrials.gov）完成註冊。</li>



<li><strong>重複投稿限制</strong>：嚴禁將同一份稿件同時投稿至多個期刊（Simultaneous Submission）。</li>



<li><strong>防範掠奪性期刊</strong>：作者有義務審慎評估投稿對象，避免將研究成果發表於缺乏品質控管的掠奪性期刊中。</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>結語: ICMJE 規範的更新反映了醫學界對學術誠信的最高要求。掌握這些標準，不僅是順利發表 SCI/SSCI 論文的關鍵，更是確保研究價值能被國際認可的基石。</strong></p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source: <a href="https://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf" data-type="link" data-id="https://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf">International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) &#8211; Recommendations 2026.</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Translator: <a href="https://course.pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>E-mail: <a href="mailto:piunion@pi-union.com">piunion@pi-union.com</a></li>



<li>Official Website: <a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://pi-union.com/</a></li>



<li>Facebook: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/piunion2020/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">www.facebook.com/piunion2020</a></li>



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<li>LINE: @654eukag</li>
</ul>
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		<title>Three Poisons as the Root Causes of Illness</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2026/01/04/purifying-the-three-karmas-the-path-toward-liberation/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Jan 2026 11:47:52 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Body]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[holistic health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[life of wisdom]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mind]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spirit]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=25969</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Purifying the Three Karmas: The Path Toward Liberation  [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Purifying the Three Karmas: The Path Toward Liberation</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>By Chuan-Sung</strong><br>Puzhen Monastery, Taichung, Taiwan.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Having worked in the medical field for many years, I have observed that the causes of many illnesses often remain elusive. Patients with the same diagnosis, treated by the same physician and prescribed the same medications, may nonetheless experience vastly different outcomes. Some individuals visit hospital after hospital, yet their long-standing symptoms remain unresolved. It was only after encountering the Buddha’s teachings and gaining an understanding of the three karmas—<strong>body, speech, and mind</strong>—rooted in the <strong><em>Three Poisons</em> of greed, anger, and ignorance</strong>, that I gradually came to realize that human illness arises not only from physiological pathology, but also from these deeply embedded mental afflictions.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Three Poisons resemble chronic toxins hidden within the depths of consciousness, silently eroding physical health, emotional stability, and interpersonal relationships over time.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">The Fires of the Three Poisons Arise from the Mind</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Three Poisons constitute the fundamental roots of both physical and mental illness. <strong>Greed</strong> is like persistently elevated blood glucose stimulating the brain’s reward system, repeatedly triggering dopamine release and producing fleeting satisfaction. Over time, tolerance develops, leading to addictive behaviors, material craving, dietary imbalance, and eventually chronic disease. <strong>Anger</strong>, on the other hand, keeps individuals in a prolonged state of resentment and rage, disrupting autonomic nervous system regulation and contributing to hypertension, palpitations, depression, and irritability. <strong>Ignorance</strong> manifests as distorted understanding—misconceptions about illness that lead to maladaptive behaviors and views, such as denial of one’s condition, refusal to follow medical advice, blaming others, or trusting unverified folk remedies. These often result in unnecessary financial loss, adverse side effects, and ultimately entrapment in the vicious cycle of delusion, karma, and suffering.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">As the Buddhist saying goes, <em><strong>“The blazing fires of the Three Poisons constantly burn all sentient beings.”</strong></em> Without fundamentally addressing these internal sources of illness, even the most advanced medications or treatments can offer only symptomatic relief rather than true healing.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Precepts, Concentration, and Wisdom: Purifying the Three Karmas</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">How, then, can we address illness at its root? Conventional medical systems primarily focus on acute intervention or symptomatic treatment. The Buddha’s teachings, however, offer not only preventive medicine but a truly radical therapy.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">To counter <strong>greed</strong>, one cultivates <strong>precepts</strong>. Moral discipline functions much like lifestyle management, preventing harmful behaviors such as uncontrolled eating, substance addiction, excessive consumption, gambling, and obsessive pursuit of wealth.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">To counter <strong>anger</strong>, one cultivates <strong>concentration</strong>. <em>Meditation </em>practices—including seated meditation and the practice of śamatha (calm-abiding) and vipaśyanā (insight meditation)—serve as powerful tools for emotional regulation and stress management.<em> Repentance </em>and <em>cognitive reframing</em> parallel psychotherapeutic processes, helping individuals transform anger, jealousy, resentment, and hatred into calmness and renewal.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">At the core lies <strong>wisdom</strong>, the antidote to <strong>ignorance</strong>. Through a wisdom-based understanding of <em>causality</em> and the contemplative view of <em>dependent origination and emptiness</em> (<em>pratītyasamutpāda–śūnyatā</em>), one can reinterpret the formation of illness, life’s suffering, and interpersonal conflict. Wisdom dissolves delusion and guides one toward genuine liberation and holistic well-being.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Integrating Medicine and Dharma</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">A common proverb states, <em>“Illness enters through the mouth; misfortune leaves through the mouth.”</em> Many chronic diseases arise from indulgence in sensory pleasures, particularly dietary excess. In such cases, biomedical treatment must be complemented by wisdom-based guidance grounded in karmic causality, as well as moral discipline to correct harmful habits.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Similarly, modern psychosomatic conditions—such as insomnia, headaches, chest tightness, palpitations, depression, and social anxiety—often stem from an inability to process external stressors. Alongside medical evaluation and diagnostic testing, practices such as <em><strong>breath-counting meditation</strong></em>, <em><strong>contemplative reflection</strong></em>, and <em><strong>altruistic service</strong></em> can significantly improve these conditions.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">For me, a <strong>life of wisdom</strong> represents <strong>integrated health of body, mind, and spirit</strong>. Wisdom does not mean worldly success or exceptional technical skill, but the ability to restrain desire without being enslaved by greed; to transform emotions without being wounded by anger; and to recognize truth without being misled by ignorance.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">As a healthcare professional, I aspire to practice medicine with the heart of a healer while walking the path of the Bodhisattva—applying the Buddha’s teachings both in clinical practice and personal cultivation. This approach benefits not only patients, but also safeguards one’s own physical and mental well-being.</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">The Buddha as the Great Physician</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">The Buddha is revered as the <strong>Great Physician</strong>—one who understands the root causes of sentient beings’ suffering. The prescriptions He offers are wisdom, the therapeutic process is compassion, and the ultimate vision is liberation. I aspire to learn and embody this healing path, beginning with the purification of the Three Karmas and the eradication of the Three Poisons—healing not only the body, but also the mind, and walking together with all beings toward the path of wisdom and liberation.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source: <a href="https://www.ctworld.org.tw/monthly/311/a03-05.htm">https://www.ctworld.org.tw/monthly/311/a03-05.htm</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Translator:&nbsp;<a href="https://course.pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>



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<li>E-mail:&nbsp;<a href="mailto:piunion@pi-union.com">piunion@pi-union.com</a></li>



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<p class="wp-block-paragraph"></p>
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		<title>小心掠奪性期刊！投稿前一定要查明!</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2025/12/06/%e5%b0%8f%e5%bf%83%e6%8e%a0%e5%a5%aa%e6%80%a7%e6%9c%9f%e5%88%8a%ef%bc%81%e6%8a%95%e7%a8%bf%e5%89%8d%e4%b8%80%e5%ae%9a%e8%a6%81%e6%9f%a5%e6%98%8e/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2025 07:18:41 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Predatory Journals]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[掠奪性期刊]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=25959</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[【小心掠奪性期刊！投稿前一定要查】 現在很多「看起來很國際」的期刊，其實是 Predatory Journal [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><img decoding="async" height="16" width="16" alt="&#x1f525;" src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/t50/1/16/1f525.png">【小心掠奪性期刊！投稿前一定要查】<img decoding="async" height="16" width="16" alt="&#x1f525;" src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/t50/1/16/1f525.png"></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">現在很多「看起來很國際」的期刊，其實是 Predatory Journals：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">收你錢、快速接受、沒審稿、刊登品質差，還可能毀掉你的學術履歷！<img decoding="async" height="16" width="16" alt="&#x1f631;" src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/t2c/1/16/1f631.png"></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">投稿前先查 Beall’s List <img decoding="async" height="16" width="16" alt="&#x1f449;" src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/t51/1/16/1f449.png"><a href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fbeallslist.net%2F&amp;h=AT2fTeJzsqt2k2CV30OsCWC7L2gWBmVEwhk_fVIJwuzGZDW0Lib6cGTo8DinF-SI9HLhZs7ZtbEQ0xFCof5ololSezgbcA1Xpu_fz1u7BGtSYZ5ByxtFRKc4_f9Ee3phQxj_TzBqSF8VT63fzPKo2AtBXxhGaLNM&amp;__tn__=-UK-R&amp;c[0]=AT1bd4oEMWIN8umO2vfVrMrbTlSOKSIPBlu0YZiDfwT9nAJ5_g1LB4-YfeVIbpdLCUdI799EdwP2ATl8DXMhIoE2M7RGHRLWNpFZlpLS9k08s7Ow3BfTl1bmKFzNkOU9YFja3437SMWT7tibRdVjn8gr1W1DNuKAIEqLtnzh15kGomZoNCF7bpcruMr4EmIVui88BFHuDJ0Dh2CwZ0g" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">https://beallslist.net/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">避免落入陷阱、浪費時間與金錢。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">想投稿到優良期刊? 感謝國立陽明交通大學圖書館所整理之醫藥衛生領域優良期刊! </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">請參考 <a href="https://www.lib.nycu.edu.tw/subject?scid=AF" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.lib.nycu.edu.tw/subject?scid=AF</a></p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><img decoding="async" height="16" width="16" alt="&#x1f525;" src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/t50/1/16/1f525.png"> Beware of Predatory Journals! Check Before You Submit <img decoding="async" height="16" width="16" alt="&#x1f525;" src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/t50/1/16/1f525.png"></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Many “international-looking” journals are actually predatory—charging fees, skipping peer review, and risking your academic reputation. <img decoding="async" height="16" width="16" alt="&#x1f631;" src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/t2c/1/16/1f631.png"></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Check Beall’s List before submitting <img decoding="async" height="16" width="16" alt="&#x1f449;" src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/t51/1/16/1f449.png"><a href="https://beallslist.net/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">https://beallslist.net/</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Want reputable journals?</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">See the excellent list compiled by NYCU Library <img decoding="async" height="16" width="16" alt="&#x1f449;" src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/t51/1/16/1f449.png"><a href="https://www.lib.nycu.edu.tw/subject?scid=AF" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">https://www.lib.nycu.edu.tw/subject?scid=AF</a></p>
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		<title>為什麼鯨魚不會得癌症?</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2025/11/16/%e7%82%ba%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e9%af%a8%e9%ad%9a%e4%b8%8d%e6%9c%83%e5%be%97%e7%99%8c%e7%97%87/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 16 Nov 2025 11:31:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DNA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[癌症]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=25932</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[長壽的弓頭鯨具有更佳 DNA 修復能力的證據 超過 200 年的最大壽命，使弓頭鯨成為壽命最長的哺乳動物。弓頭 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>長壽的弓頭鯨具有更佳</strong><strong> DNA </strong><strong>修復能力的證據</strong><strong></strong></h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Denis Firsanov et al.</li>



<li><strong><em>Nature</em></strong></li>



<li>29 October 2025.</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>超過 200 </strong><strong>年的最大壽命，使弓頭鯨成為壽命最長的哺乳動物。弓頭鯨也是地球上第二大的動物，體重可超過 80,000 </strong><strong>公斤。儘管它擁有極大量的細胞與極長的壽命，弓頭鯨卻並不容易罹癌，而這種不一致的現象被稱為皮托悖論（Peto’s paradox</strong><strong>）。</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">為了理解弓頭鯨抗癌機制的原理，我們分析了弓頭鯨原代纖維母細胞發生惡性轉化所需的致癌打擊（oncogenic hits）數量。出乎意料的是，弓頭鯨纖維母細胞進行惡性轉化所需的致癌打擊次數，竟然比人類纖維母細胞還少。然而，弓頭鯨細胞展現出增強的 DNA 雙股斷裂修復能力與高保真性，並且其突變率低於其他哺乳動物的細胞。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">我們發現冷誘導 RNA 結合蛋白 CIRBP 在弓頭鯨的纖維母細胞和組織中高度表達。弓頭鯨的 CIRBP 能增強人類細胞中的非同源端接（NHEJ）與同源重組（HR）修復，降低微核形成、促進 DNA 末端保護，並在體外刺激端接反應。在果蠅中，過度表達 CIRBP 能延長壽命並提高抗輻射能力。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這些發現支持一項假說：弓頭鯨並非依賴額外的腫瘤抑制基因來避免致癌，而是透過強化的 DNA 修復能力來維持基因組完整性。這種策略不是清除受損細胞，而是精確地修復它們，可能正是弓頭鯨擁有驚人長壽與低癌症發生率的原因。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>哺乳動物合作生活方式與癌症盛行率下降的共同演化</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Catalina Sierra et al.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><em>Science Advances</em></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">12 Nov 2025. Vol 11, Issue 46.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">為什麼在一些物種已經演化出抗癌機制的情況下，癌症在哺乳動物中仍然如此普遍，至今仍是未解之謎。我們假設，癌症的盛行率與死亡風險可能已經被演化精細調節。我們利用公開資料庫顯示：<strong>具有合作行為的物種，其癌症盛行率與死亡風險較低。</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">透過建立數學模型，我們提出一個機制性的解釋：一種致癌變異如果使年長且生殖能力較低的個體承受較高的癌症死亡率，對合作型哺乳動物社會是不利的；但在競爭型的生態環境中，該變異卻可能導致種群規模與適合度出現「反直覺性的過度補償」效應。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這種「當個體存活率下降，卻使族群數量反而上升」的現象，被稱為<strong>九頭蛇效應（hydra effect）</strong>，而此效應在癌症領域中過去從未被探討。因此，癌症可以被視為競爭性物種中，經過選擇所形塑的一種「生物性汰舊機制」（biological obsolescence）。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source 1: <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09694-5">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09694-5</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source 2: <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adw0685">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adw0685</a> </p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Translator: <a href="https://course.pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>



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		<title>眼動減敏與歷程更新療法(EMDR)於人格疾患者的應用: 隨機臨床試驗</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2025/10/12/%e7%9c%bc%e5%8b%95%e6%b8%9b%e6%95%8f%e8%88%87%e6%ad%b7%e7%a8%8b%e6%9b%b4%e6%96%b0%e7%99%82%e6%b3%95emdr%e6%96%bc%e4%ba%ba%e6%a0%bc%e7%96%be%e6%82%a3%e8%80%85%e7%9a%84%e6%87%89%e7%94%a8-%e9%9a%a8/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Oct 2025 10:13:08 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EMDR]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Personality Disorders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RCT]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=25920</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[眼動減敏與歷程更新療法(EMDR)於人格疾患者的應用: 隨機臨床試驗 Simon&#160;Hofman, e [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>眼動減敏與歷程更新療法</strong><strong>(EMDR)</strong><strong>於人格疾患者的應用</strong><strong>: </strong><strong>隨機臨床試驗</strong><strong></strong></h4>





<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Simon&nbsp;Hofman, et al.</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Sep 2;8(9):e2533421.</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>問題</strong>：眼動減敏與歷程更新療法（Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy, EMDR）是否能減少人格疾患（Personality Disorders, PD）症狀，而不論是否合併創傷後壓力症候群（Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD）？</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>研究結果</strong>：這項納入 159 位 PD 患者的隨機臨床試驗顯示，接受 EMDR 治療的患者，在治療後及追蹤時的人格疾患症狀減少程度均優於等待名單對照組。兩個時間點上，EMDR 組達到 PD 緩解的比例顯著高於對照組。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>意義</strong>：本研究顯示 EMDR 治療在臨床上可顯著地減少人格疾患症狀，近一半的參與者達到診斷性緩解，支持其作為 PD 的潛在有效介入。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>摘要</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><br><strong>重要性</strong>：負面的童年經驗增加人格疾患（PD）發展的風險。雖然以創傷為焦點的介入對 PTSD 有效，但其對 PD 症狀的影響仍不明確。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>目的</strong>：評估眼動減敏與歷程更新療法（EMDR）相較於等待名單(waiting list)，是否能降低 PD 症狀，而不論 PTSD 狀態。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>設計、地點與參與者</strong>：這項雙組、多中心、單盲的隨機臨床試驗於 2021 年 2 月 22 日至 2024 年 10 月 2 日，在荷蘭兩家專科門診進行。參與者為 159 位經結構式臨床訪談（SCID-5-PD）診斷為人格疾患的患者。數據以意向治療分析。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>介入措施</strong>：五週內進行十次 90 分鐘的 EMDR 治療，針對與 PD 症狀相關的創傷及負面記憶進行處理。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>主要結果與測量指標</strong>：治療前、治療後及三個月追蹤時，使用《DSM-IV 人格疾患評估量表》（The Assessment of&nbsp;<em>DSM-IV</em>&nbsp;Personality Disorders, ADP-IV）、《DSM-5 人格障礙結構式臨床訪談》 (<em>DSM-5</em>&nbsp;Personality Disorders, SCID-5-PD)、《人格功能水平量表》（Level of Personality Functioning Scale, LPFS）、以及《情緒調節困難量表》（Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, DERS）進行評估。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>結果</strong>：納入分析的 159 位患者平均（標準差）年齡為 35.4（12.0）歲，130 位為女性（81.8%）。79 位隨機分配至 EMDR 組，80 位分配至等待名單對照組。EMDR 組有 4 人（5.1%）退出，16 人（20.3%）提早完成治療，無不良事件報告。EMDR 組在治療後與追蹤時於各量表上均優於對照組：</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>ADP-IV</strong>：治療後 β = −37.93（95% CI, −52.54 ~ −23.33; P &lt; .001; Cohen d = 0.31），追蹤 β = −45.73（95% CI, −64.90 ~ −26.56; P &lt; .001; Cohen d = 0.46）</li>



<li><strong>SCID-5-PD</strong>：治療後 β = −3.65（P = .002; d = 0.48），追蹤 β = −3.70（P = .03; d = 0.61）</li>



<li><strong>LPFS</strong>：治療後 β = −3.13（P &lt; .001; d = 0.31），追蹤 β = −3.62（P = .003; d = 0.43）</li>



<li><strong>DERS</strong>：治療後 β = −9.03（P = .003; d = 0.35），追蹤 β = −11.73（P = .005; d = 0.62）</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">PD 緩解比例：治療後 EMDR 組 vs 對照組：</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>ADP-IV：38.3% vs 6.8%</li>



<li>SCID-5-PD：33.3% vs 7.8%</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">追蹤時 EMDR 組 vs 對照組：</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>ADP-IV：45.4% vs 5.9%</li>



<li>SCID-5-PD：44.1% vs 15.8%</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>結論與意義</strong>：在這項針對 159 位 PD 患者的隨機臨床試驗中，EMDR 治療能使 PD 症狀顯著減少，30 位（44.1%）達到緩解。結果支持 EMDR 作為 PD 治療的潛在有效介入，並鼓勵進一步驗證研究。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f9e9.png" alt="🧩" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 研究亮點</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>主題創新</strong>：首度以 RCT 驗證 EMDR 對人格疾患（PD）的療效，不限於 PTSD。</li>



<li><strong>設計嚴謹</strong>：多中心、單盲、隨機分派；使用多項臨床與功能量表（ADP-IV、SCID-5-PD、LPFS、DERS）。</li>



<li><strong>樣本特徵</strong>：159 位 PD 患者，女性佔 81.8%，平均 35.4 歲。</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4ca.png" alt="📊" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 主要結果</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>EMDR 在所有主要指標上皆<strong>顯著優於控制組</strong>（效果量 d＝0.3–0.6）。</li>



<li>治療後與追蹤期 PD 緩解率分別約為 <strong>40–45% vs 控制組 &lt;10–15%</strong>。</li>



<li>無嚴重不良事件，耐受性良好。</li>
</ul>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2696.png" alt="⚖" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 優點</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2705.png" alt="✅" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 嚴謹的 RCT 設計與 ITT (Intention-to-Treat Analysis) 意向性分析<br><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2705.png" alt="✅" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 多面向評估人格症狀、功能與情緒調節<br><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2705.png" alt="✅" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 治療時間短、效果穩定、臨床可行</p>





<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/26a0.png" alt="⚠" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 無主動控制組，如 認知行為治療(Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, CBT）。<br><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/26a0.png" alt="⚠" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 樣本集中於荷蘭、女性比例高<br><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/26a0.png" alt="⚠" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 追蹤期僅 3 個月，缺乏長期效果資料</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4a1.png" alt="💡" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 臨床與研究意涵</h3>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>EMDR 不僅可治 PTSD，也能有效改善 PD 症狀。</li>



<li>支持 PD 可透過「創傷再處理」達到顯著緩解。</li>



<li>建議後續進行<strong>長期與跨文化驗證研究</strong>。</li>
</ul>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f9ee.png" alt="🧮" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>ITT 分析（Intention-to-Treat Analysis，意向性分析）</strong></h4>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>定義</strong>：在統計分析時，<strong>所有被隨機分派進治療組的參與者</strong>都會被納入分析，不論他們是否完成治療或中途退出。</li>



<li><strong>目的</strong>：保持隨機分派的公平性，<strong>避免偏差（bias）</strong>。</li>



<li><strong>意義</strong>：這種分析方式反映「真實世界」的治療效果，而非理想狀況下的效果。</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f449.png" alt="👉" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 簡單說：</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">ITT 是「照原本分組算」的分析法，哪怕有人沒完成治療，也仍列入統計，以確保結果公正可靠。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f9e0.png" alt="🧠" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>CBT（Cognitive Behavioral Therapy，認知行為治療）</strong></h4>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>定義</strong>：一種<strong>心理治療方法</strong>，透過調整「思考模式（Cognitive）」與「行為反應（Behavior）」來改善情緒與行為問題。</li>



<li><strong>核心概念</strong>： 想法影響情緒，情緒影響行為。</li>



<li><strong>應用範圍</strong>：焦慮症、憂鬱症、失眠、人格疾患等。</li>



<li><strong>特色</strong>：結構化、時間有限、強調實際技巧（如認知重建、行為暴露）。</li>
</ul>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source: <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2839327?guestAccessKey=9b4e63ce-9036-4e86-8fc1-6478bc1dd06a&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=postup_jn&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert-jamanetworkopen&amp;utm_content=new_this_week_&amp;utm_term=092625">Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy in Persons With Personality Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial | Psychiatry and Behavioral Health | JAMA Network Open | JAMA Network</a></p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Translator and Reviewer:&nbsp;<a href="https://course.pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></strong></p>



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		<title>老年人身體質量指數(BMI)與術後結果</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2025/09/02/%e8%80%81%e5%b9%b4%e4%ba%ba%e8%ba%ab%e9%ab%94%e8%b3%aa%e9%87%8f%e6%8c%87%e6%95%b8bmi%e8%88%87%e8%a1%93%e5%be%8c%e7%b5%90%e6%9e%9c/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Sep 2025 02:47:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BMI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[健康]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[手術]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[老人]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[過輕]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[過重]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[高齡]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=25916</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[老年人身體質量指數(BMI)與術後結果 JAMA Netw Open Published Online:&#038;nb [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>老年人身體質量指數(BMI)與術後結果</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>JAMA Netw Open</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Published Online:&nbsp;August&nbsp;26,&nbsp;2025</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>問題</strong><br>在年長成人（≥65 歲）接受手術時，較高的身體質量指數（BMI）是否與較低的 30 天全因死亡率(all-cause mortality)有關？</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>研究結果</strong><br>在這項納入 414 名受試者的世代研究中，體重屬於「過重」(overweight)分類的患者，其 30 天全因死亡率最低，與「正常」BMI 分類的患者相比更具顯著差異。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>意涵</strong><br>這些結果顯示，對於 65 歲以上接受手術的族群，傳統的 BMI 風險分類可能需要重新校正。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>摘要</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>重要性</strong><br>在一般人群中，高 BMI 被認為與增加的術後併發症（包括死亡）有關，因此許多圍手術期(perioperative)臨床醫師會建議患者透過術前生活型態調整來達到正常體重。然而，隨著老化出現與虛弱相關的生理變化（例如：身體組成改變、脂肪重新分布、因身高縮減導致的體態下降），這些因素可能會改變 BMI 與老年人手術結果之間的關聯。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>目的</strong><br>探討接受大型選擇性手術的老年人中，較高的 BMI 是否與全因死亡率相關。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>設計、場域與參與者</strong><br>這是一項世代研究，納入 2019 年 2 月至 2022 年 1 月間，在美國南加州一所大型學術醫學中心的術前門診，準備接受大型選擇性手術的年齡 ≥65 歲成人。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>暴露因素</strong><br>身體質量指數（BMI）。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>主要結果與測量</strong><br>術後結果包括 30 天與 1 年全因死亡率、術後譫妄、出院去向，以及依 <strong>Clavien-Dindo </strong><strong>分級系統</strong> 定義的併發症。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>結果</strong><br>研究納入 414 名接受大型選擇性手術的老年人，平均年齡 75.9 歲（標準差 7.2），其中女性占 54.8%（95% CI，50.2%-60.4%）。虛弱盛行率為 24.2%（95% CI，20.3%-28.5%），前虛弱盛行率為 37.0%（95% CI，32.6%-41.8%）。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">整體 30 天全因死亡率為 11.0%（95% CI，8.5%-14.5%）。屬於「過重」（BMI 25.0–29.9）的患者其 30 天全因死亡率最低，與「正常 BMI」（18.5–24.9）的患者相比顯著降低（128 人中 1 人，0.8% vs 133 人中 25 人，18.8%；比值比 [OR] 0.03；95% CI，0.01-0.26；P = .001）。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">在調整潛在混淆因子後的多變量邏輯迴歸模型中，此關聯依然顯著（OR 0.14；95% CI，0.06-0.34；P &lt; .001）。屬於「體重過輕」（BMI &lt;18.5）的患者，其 30 天全因死亡率最高（20 人中 15 人，75.0%；95% CI，55.0%-90.0%）。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>結論與相關性</strong><br>在這項針對接受大型選擇性手術的老年人之觀察性世代研究中，「過重」與較低的 30 天全因死亡風險相關。這些發現顯示，針對此族群的「以達到正常 BMI 為目標」的傳統減重建議，可能需要重新檢視。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>&nbsp;</strong><strong>文章評論</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>1. </strong><strong>研究重點</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這篇研究探討 <strong>老年人（≥65</strong><strong>歲）在接受大型選擇性手術時，BMI </strong><strong>與術後死亡率的關聯</strong>。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">在這篇研究裡，體重分類是依照 <strong>世界衛生組織（WHO</strong><strong>）的 BMI </strong><strong>分類標準</strong>，定義如下：</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>體重過輕（Underweight</strong><strong>）</strong>：BMI ＜ 18.5</li>



<li><strong>正常體重（Normal weight</strong><strong>）</strong>：BMI 18.5 – 24.9</li>



<li><strong>過重（Overweight</strong><strong>）</strong>：BMI 25.0 – 29.9</li>



<li><strong>肥胖（Obese</strong><strong>）</strong>：BMI ≥ 30.0</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f449.png" alt="👉" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 在研究中：</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>過重組（BMI 25.0–29.9</strong><strong>）</strong> 的 30 天全因死亡率最低（僅 0.8%）。</li>



<li><strong>正常組（BMI 18.5–24.9</strong><strong>）</strong> 的死亡率明顯較高（18.8%）。</li>



<li><strong>體重過輕組（BMI </strong><strong>＜18.5</strong><strong>）</strong> 的死亡率最高（75%）。</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">也就是說，對 <strong>65 </strong><strong>歲以上接受大型手術的患者</strong>，傳統認為「正常體重」並不一定代表最低風險，而「過重」反而可能較為保護。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>2. </strong><strong>優點</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>聚焦於老年人群</strong>：大部分 BMI 與手術風險的研究都以一般成年人為主，這篇研究針對 ≥65 歲的族群，更貼近臨床現實。</li>



<li><strong>多重結果指標</strong>：除了 30 天死亡率，也包含 1 年死亡率、譫妄、出院去向等，顯示研究設計全面。</li>



<li><strong>臨床重要性高</strong>：結果挑戰了「越接近正常體重越健康」的傳統觀點，對臨床術前評估有實際應用價值。</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>3. </strong><strong>可能限制</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>單中心研究</strong>：在南加州的大型醫學中心進行，族群特徵（生活型態、種族比例）可能限制外推性。</li>



<li><strong>樣本數有限</strong>：總共 414 人，其中「體重過輕」組僅 20 人，死亡率雖然極高，但樣本偏小，結果可能受統計波動影響。</li>



<li><strong>BMI </strong><strong>的侷限</strong>：BMI 無法區分脂肪與肌肉，對老年人特別不精準（例如：肌少症患者可能 BMI 正常卻虛弱）。</li>



<li><strong>僅觀察性研究</strong>：雖然調整了混淆因子，但仍無法證明因果關係。</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>4. </strong><strong>臨床意涵</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>術前評估應重新檢視 BMI </strong><strong>標準</strong>：對老年患者而言，稍微「過重」可能比「正常體重」更有保護效果。</li>



<li><strong>體重過輕是高風險訊號</strong>：應提醒臨床醫師，體重過輕的老年患者可能需要更積極的營養與術前干預。</li>



<li><strong>不能單純以 BMI </strong><strong>做決策</strong>：應搭配 <strong>肌肉量、營養狀態、功能狀態（frailty </strong><strong>指標）</strong> 等工具，才更能反映真實風險。</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>5. </strong><strong>未來研究方向</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>擴大樣本，尤其是 <strong>體重過輕與肥胖族群</strong>，以確認觀察到的極端風險。</li>



<li>使用 <strong>更精準的身體組成測量</strong>（如 DXA、肌肉量、脂肪分布），補足 BMI 的侷限。</li>



<li>探討 <strong>營養介入或運動介入</strong> 是否能改善過輕老年患者的手術結果。</li>



<li>評估 <strong>不同手術類型</strong>（心臟手術、腹部手術、骨科手術）中，BMI 與死亡率的交互作用。</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2705.png" alt="✅" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>總結</strong><br>這篇研究的重要貢獻是：挑戰了傳統的 BMI 標準，指出在老年人手術族群中，「過重」可能反而具有保護作用，而「體重過輕」是最危險的狀態。<br>然而，因樣本限制與 BMI 工具本身的不足，這些結果應視為「提醒訊號」而非絕對結論。臨床應更強調 <strong>綜合性術前風險評估</strong>，而非僅以 BMI 作為判斷依據。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source: <a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/new-approach-enables-body-engineer-its-own-cells-fight-cancer-or-autoimmunity?utm_source=sfmc&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=ScienceAdviser&amp;utm_content=distillation&amp;et_rid=1002613090&amp;et_cid=5649369"><strong><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2838030?guestAccessKey=f52f15de-119f-46a8-a2ab-8dc8a22c9817&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=postup_jn&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert-jamanetworkopen&amp;utm_content=new_this_week_&amp;utm_term=082725">Body Mass Index and Postsurgical Outcomes in Older Adults | Nutrition, Obesity, Exercise | JAMA Network Open | JAMA Network</a></strong></a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translator and Reviewer: <a href="https://course.pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></p>



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		<title>機體自主細胞改造：以mRNA技術驅動CAR-T細胞生成之癌症與自體免疫疾病新興治療策略</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jul 2025 12:56:35 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[autoimmunity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Body]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cancer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CAR-T]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[engineer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mRNA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Science]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=25859</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[《Science》期刊於2025年6月19日由Mitch Leslie報導一篇創新研究：該研究提出一種新穎策略 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>《Science》期刊<strong>於<strong><strong>2025年6月19日</strong></strong></strong>由Mitch Leslie報導一篇創新研究：該研究提出一種新穎策略，利用mRNA注射技術在體內直接誘導產生CAR-T細胞，有望用於治療癌症及自體免疫疾病，並大幅簡化製程、降低成本。</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f50d.png" alt="🔍" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> </strong><strong>背景</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>CAR-T </strong><strong>細胞</strong>是經基因改造的 T 細胞，可精準攻擊癌細胞，已獲美國 FDA 核准用於某些血癌。</li>



<li>製造傳統 CAR-T 細胞須從患者體內採集 T 細胞 → 純化 → 基因改造 → 輸回體內，過程耗時且昂貴（最高達百萬美元），部分病患無法等候完成治療。</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f9ea.png" alt="🧪" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> </strong><strong>創新研究</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>Capstan Therapeutics</strong> 開發一種新方法，利用 <strong>mRNA 脂質奈米微粒（<strong>Lipid nanoparticle</strong></strong>, <strong>LNP）</strong> 直接注射進入體內誘導 T 細胞自行轉化為 CAR-T 細胞。</li>



<li>這項方法靈感來自於 <strong>mRNA COVID-19 </strong><strong>疫苗技術</strong>，且不需更改基因組，較具安全性。</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f401.png" alt="🐁" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> </strong><strong>實驗成果</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>在小鼠中注射mRNA奈米微粒後，體內快速產生大量CAR-T細胞（3小時內即出現於血液、脾臟、淋巴）。</li>



<li>高劑量治療組中，<strong>腫瘤在</strong><strong>3</strong><strong>天內幾乎消失</strong>。</li>



<li>在猴子實驗中，mRNA誘導的CAR-T細胞成功清除B細胞並於7週內自然恢復，有望「重設」免疫系統，應用於自體免疫疾病。</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2705.png" alt="✅" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> </strong><strong>優點</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>速度快：無需體外改造與輸回體內，治療時間大幅縮短。</li>



<li>成本低：製造成本可能遠低於目前的細胞工廠流程。</li>



<li>更安全：mRNA不整合進DNA，可自然分解，具「自動關閉」機制，減少長期副作用。</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/26a0.png" alt="⚠" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> </strong><strong>潛在風險與挑戰</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>一隻猴子出現類似實驗室CAR-T治療常見的<strong>重度免疫副作用</strong>。</li>



<li><strong>安全性仍需進一步臨床試驗驗證</strong>（Capstan已啟動Phase 1試驗）。</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f9e9.png" alt="🧩" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> </strong><strong>未來展望</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>此技術若證實安全有效，<strong>可望普及</strong><strong>CAR-T</strong><strong>細胞療法</strong>至更多癌症與自體免疫疾病。</li>



<li>有望成為即時可用的標準化治療選項，取代繁複且昂貴的細胞製備流程。</li>
</ul>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">評論:</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f9ea.png" alt="🧪" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> </strong><strong>科學貢獻與創新性</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這項研究<strong>突破了傳統</strong><strong>CAR-T</strong><strong>細胞需經體外操作的限制</strong>，首次展示可透過<strong>mRNA</strong><strong>奈米微粒直接在體內誘導CAR-T</strong><strong>細胞生成</strong>，大幅簡化技術流程，並以動物實驗證實其有效性與初步安全性。</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>借助 COVID-19 疫苗的 mRNA 傳遞平台，研究團隊成功將此機制應用於複雜的細胞治療領域。</li>



<li>在短短數小時內於小鼠與猴子體內產生功能性CAR-T細胞，展現即時且可控的治療反應。</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">此方法若進一步證實安全有效，將<strong>徹底改變</strong><strong>CAR-T</strong><strong>療法的製造與給藥方式</strong>，使其從「個人化、客製化」走向「即時可用、模組化」，具有高度臨床轉譯潛力。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4a1.png" alt="💡" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> </strong><strong>臨床應用潛力</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>癌症治療：</strong> 高劑量治療下腫瘤迅速縮小，展現CAR-T功能性；若能安全應用於人體，將有助提升對實體瘤的反應效率。</li>



<li><strong>自體免疫疾病：</strong> 在猴子中清除B細胞並自然恢復，暗示可透過「免疫重置」治療如紅斑性狼瘡、多發性硬化症等疾病。</li>



<li><strong>經濟與可近性：</strong> 有望大幅降低目前高達百萬美元的療程費用，提高全球可及性。</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/26a0.png" alt="⚠" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> </strong><strong>侷限與挑戰</strong></p>



<ol start="1" class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>安全性問題尚未解決：</strong><br>一隻猴子出現嚴重發炎反應，與現有CAR-T細胞副作用相似，突顯此技術雖無基因整合風險，<strong>但仍可能引發毒性反應</strong>。</li>



<li><strong>mRNA</strong><strong>轉染效率與時效性控制：</strong><br>雖具「自動關閉」優勢，但如何精準控制CAR表現量與時間仍有待優化，避免過度免疫活化或治療反彈。</li>



<li><strong>臨床資料仍屬前期：</strong><br>目前僅限動物模型，<strong>尚需臨床試驗驗證在人類身上的可行性與安全邊界</strong>。</li>
</ol>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f52d.png" alt="🔭" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> </strong><strong>總結與展望</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這篇文章所報導的技術具備<strong>轉變CAR-T治療的潛力</strong>，從實驗室製造邁向體內合成，為癌症與自體免疫疾病提供全新治療可能。然而，<strong>安全性與可控性將是臨床應用的關鍵門檻</strong>。未來若能在人體試驗中克服副作用並證實療效，此策略或將成為<strong>下一代細胞療法的主流平台</strong>。<br></p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source: <strong><a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/new-approach-enables-body-engineer-its-own-cells-fight-cancer-or-autoimmunity?utm_source=sfmc&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=ScienceAdviser&amp;utm_content=distillation&amp;et_rid=1002613090&amp;et_cid=5649369">New approach enables body to engineer its own cells to fight cancer or autoimmunity</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translator and Reviewer: <a href="https://course.pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></p>



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		<title>COVID-19 疫情後，晚期癌症患者之遠距醫療使用頻率增加</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2025/06/22/covid-19-%e7%96%ab%e6%83%85%e5%be%8c%ef%bc%8c%e6%99%9a%e6%9c%9f%e7%99%8c%e7%97%87%e6%82%a3%e8%80%85%e4%b9%8b%e9%81%a0%e8%b7%9d%e9%86%ab%e7%99%82%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e9%a1%af%e8%91%97%e5%a2%9e%e5%8a%a0/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Jun 2025 12:18:02 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA[time toxicity]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[COVID-19 疫情後，晚期癌症患者之遠距醫療使用與醫療接觸日數分析 Ali M.&#160;Duffens [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">COVID-19 疫情後，晚期癌症患者之遠距醫療使用與醫療接觸日數分析</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/searchresults?author=Ali+M.+Duffens&amp;q=Ali+M.+Duffens" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Ali M.&nbsp;Duffens,&nbsp;MD, MPH</a>; <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/searchresults?author=Shiyun+Zhu&amp;q=Shiyun+Zhu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Shiyun&nbsp;Zhu,&nbsp;MPH</a>; <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/searchresults?author=Aida+Shirazi&amp;q=Aida+Shirazi" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Aida&nbsp;Shirazi,&nbsp;PhD</a>; <a>et al</a>.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">JAMA Netw Open. </p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">2025 Jun 2;8(6):e2516762.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>摘要</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>重要性</strong><br>COVID-19 疫情促使遠距醫療廣泛應用，但對於晚期癌症患者而言，其與「時間毒性」(time toxicity)（即與醫療系統互動所造成的時間負擔）之間的影響仍不清楚。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>研究目的</strong><br>探討 COVID-19 疫情對於診斷後 1 年內死亡之晚期癌症患者所產生的時間毒性影響，特別關注包括遠距醫療(Telehealth)在內的醫療使用變化。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>研究設計、地點與參與者</strong><br>這是一項回溯性世代研究，納入所有在診斷後 1 年內死亡的第四期癌症患者，追蹤時間限制為診斷後一年。病患資料來自美國北加州凱薩醫療體系（Kaiser Permanente Northern California），此系統為整合型價值導向健康照護體系。依據診斷時間，將病患分為疫情前組（2015年1月1日至2020年2月29日）與疫情後組（2020年3月1日至2022年6月30日，追蹤至2023年6月）。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>暴露因子</strong><br>COVID-19 疫情前後的醫療使用情形。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>主要結果與衡量指標</strong><br>以病患與醫療系統接觸的日數占存活日數的比例，作為「時間毒性」的衡量標準。醫療使用類型包括門診（面對面與遠距）、急診就醫，以及住院情形。透過多變項負二項迴歸（multivariable negative binomial regression）分析各類醫療使用的變化。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>研究結果</strong><br>共納入 9643 名患者（年齡中位數為 74 歲 [IQR：66–81]；男性 5119 人，占 53.1%），其中疫情前組為 6558 人，疫情後組為 3085 人。病患在整體存活期間中位有 32.5%（IQR：21%–50%）的日數與醫療系統接觸。<strong>疫情後組</strong>面對面<strong>門診次數減少</strong>（調整後盛行比 APR 為 0.71；95% CI：0.69–0.74），<strong>遠距醫療使用則增加</strong>（APR 為 2.01；95% CI：1.94–2.07）。整體醫療接觸日數略增（APR 為 1.04；95% CI：1.02–1.07），急診與住院日數亦上升（APR 為 1.09；95% CI：1.04–1.15）。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>結論與研究意義</strong><br>這項針對晚期癌症患者的世代研究顯示，疫情後的時間毒性依然偏高。儘管遠距醫療使用增加，急診與住院使用也同步上升。這些發現突顯了在末期病人照護中，需將遠距醫療納入時間毒性評估，以優化病人導向的照護策略。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f50d.png" alt="🔍" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> <strong>評論</strong> </h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">By <a href="https://course.pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">1. <strong>研究亮點</strong></h5>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>這篇研究聚焦於「<strong>時間毒性（time toxicity）</strong>」這個相對新穎卻極具臨床意義的概念，尤其對於晚期癌症患者，其時間成本幾乎等同於生命成本。</li>



<li>利用Kaiser Permanente的大型資料庫，納入近萬名晚期癌症患者，具備強大的樣本數與現實世界資料的代表性。</li>



<li>採用多變項負二項迴歸模型，控制混淆因子，確保統計推論的穩健性。</li>
</ul>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">2. <strong>重要發現</strong></h5>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>疫情後整體醫療接觸日數略增（APR=1.04），尤其是急診與住院使用上升（APR=1.09），顯示即使遠距醫療使用大幅提升（APR=2.01），也無法減少整體醫療負擔。</li>



<li>面對面門診下降，可能與疫情期間醫療資源重新配置、病人就醫意願改變有關。</li>



<li><strong>時間毒性並未改善</strong>，反映出遠距醫療的推動雖能減少就醫次數，但未必能有效降低整體醫療系統的接觸壓力。</li>
</ul>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">3. <strong>臨床與政策意涵</strong></h5>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>遠距醫療應納入末期照護設計中</strong>：這不僅是技術選項，更是一種減少病患時間負擔的倫理考量。</li>



<li>強調「時間」作為治療品質的指標，有助於臨床決策從「延長壽命」轉向「提升生活品質」。</li>



<li>疫情雖促使數位轉型，但也暴露出<strong>急性照護依賴度未改善的結構性問題</strong>，未來必須有更整合的照護模式，例如安寧療護與社區醫療的強化。</li>
</ul>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">4. <strong>研究限制</strong></h5>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>雖然樣本數大，但僅限於美國北加州一個特定醫療系統，<strong>結果的外部效度需審慎解讀</strong>。</li>



<li>未深入探討<strong>病人滿意度、生活品質</strong>或<strong>家庭照護者負擔</strong>等病患導向指標，這可能是未來研究的方向。</li>



<li><strong>遠距醫療的質與量</strong>仍有待細緻區分，例如視訊 vs. 電話，初診 vs. 追蹤等，對時間負擔的影響可能不同。</li>
</ul>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">5. <strong>總結</strong></h5>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這篇研究在後疫情時代提供了一個重要啟示：<strong>「提升醫療效率」與「提升病人生活品質」之間，不能只是以服務量來衡量，還要關注病患寶貴的時間。</strong><br>真正的以病人為中心照護，應該是：<strong>給病人留時間過生活，而不是只讓他們過醫療人生。</strong></p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">如何讓末期癌症患者不再奔波醫院？</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">在晚期癌症照護中，最令人心疼的情況之一，就是看到病人頻繁奔波於門診、急診與住院之間，只為了緩解疼痛、處理副作用，甚至只是等待檢查結果。許多病人與家屬都曾問過一句話：「真的非得這麼折騰嗎？」</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">COVID-19 疫情期間，遠距醫療大幅發展，讓我們看見另一種可能——<strong>是否能讓病人在家的時間更多、在醫院的時間更少？</strong></p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f691.png" alt="🚑" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 為什麼癌末病人常跑醫院？</h4>



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li><strong>疼痛或症狀失控</strong>：無法忍受的痛楚、喘不過氣或出血，家屬無法處理，只能送急診。</li>



<li><strong>治療副作用</strong>：放療、化療、標靶藥常伴隨發燒、感染、噁心、白血球下降等症狀。</li>



<li><strong>沒有居家支持系統</strong>：病人和家屬缺乏資源，對突發狀況無所適從。</li>



<li><strong>醫療模式設計仍以醫院為中心</strong>：病人必須親自回診、檢查、領藥。</li>
</ol>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f9ed.png" alt="🧭" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 減少跑醫院，有辦法嗎？</h4>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/2705.png" alt="✅" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 可以，關鍵在於「提早介入 + 遠距支援 + 居家安寧」</h4>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">1. <strong>疼痛與症狀管理計畫</strong></h5>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>醫師應在病情進入末期時，與病人預先擬定疼痛控制策略</li>



<li>提供居家止痛藥物（如口服嗎啡、貼片）、止吐藥與抗焦慮藥</li>



<li>設置 24 小時遠距醫療專線，協助病人與家屬即時處理問題</li>
</ul>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">2. <strong>遠距醫療與居家追蹤</strong></h5>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table class="has-fixed-layout"><thead><tr><th>領域</th><th>遠距處理內容</th><th>效益</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>疼痛控制</td><td>評估與加藥、減藥</td><td>減少急診風險</td></tr><tr><td>治療副作用追蹤</td><td>如發燒、嘔吐、感染</td><td>避免病情惡化</td></tr><tr><td>心理社會支持</td><td>緩解焦慮與憂鬱</td><td>減少不必要就醫</td></tr><tr><td>藥物開立與諮詢</td><td>口服標靶藥、化療藥物續用</td><td>減少門診次數</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f3e1.png" alt="🏡" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 居家安寧療護怎麼做？</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">居家安寧是目前國際推動的終末期照護模式，讓病人可以在自己熟悉的環境中安詳離世。</p>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">居家安寧需要什麼？</h5>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>安寧醫療團隊（醫師、護理師、社工、心理師）定期訪視</li>



<li>提供醫療器材（病床、氧氣、洗澡椅等）</li>



<li>準備「居家症狀控制包」</li>



<li>家屬教育與情緒支持</li>



<li>24 小時聯絡電話，協助突發症狀處理</li>
</ul>



<h5 class="wp-block-heading">台灣的資源現況</h5>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>健保已提供居家安寧療護給付</li>



<li>各大醫院、基金會（如安寧照顧基金會）均有合作單位</li>



<li>可由病人主動申請，也可由主治醫師轉介</li>
</ul>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source: <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2835506?guestAccessKey=1683ffe1-027a-46c2-808c-1d0e5a0b146f&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=postup_jn&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert-jamanetworkopen&amp;utm_content=new_this_week_&amp;utm_term=062025">Telehealth and Health Care Contact Days Among Patients With Advanced Cancer After COVID-19</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translator and Reviewer: <a href="https://course.pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science Ltd.</a></p>



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		<title>大麻使用與周產期健康研究</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2025/05/15/%e5%a4%a7%e9%ba%bb%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e8%88%87%e5%91%a8%e7%94%a2%e6%9c%9f%e5%81%a5%e5%ba%b7%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2025 11:24:09 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[健康]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[周產期]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[大麻]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[懷孕]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[新生兒]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[自閉症]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=25678</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[大麻使用與周產期健康研究 Jamie O.&#160;Lo,&#160;MD, MCR;&#160;Jason [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>大麻使用與周產期健康研究</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/searchresults?author=Jamie+O.+Lo&amp;q=Jamie+O.+Lo" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jamie O.&nbsp;Lo,&nbsp;MD, MCR</a>;&nbsp;<a href="https://jamanetwork.com/searchresults?author=Jason+C.+Hedges&amp;q=Jason+C.+Hedges" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Jason C.&nbsp;Hedges,&nbsp;MD, PhD</a>;&nbsp;<a href="https://jamanetwork.com/searchresults?author=Torri+D.+Metz&amp;q=Torri+D.+Metz" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Torri D.&nbsp;Metz,&nbsp;MD, MS</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>JAMA.&nbsp;</em>Published online August 17, 2023. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.14697</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">在過去的20年裡，儘管懷孕期間酒精和尼古丁產品的使用已經減少，但大麻的效力和產前大麻使用的普及程度顯著增加，部分原因是由於不斷變化的合法化模式導致更大的可用性和被感知的安全性增加。目前，(在美國)有38個州和華盛頓特區已經合法化醫用大麻，而有23個州和華盛頓特區已經合法化娛樂性大麻。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">大麻現在是懷孕期間最常使用的聯邦非法藥物，2017年懷孕個體中的發病率為7％，較2002年的3.4％增加。最近，一些地區（如北加州）的懷孕個體使用率顯著增加，與COVID-19大流行重合，使用率在某些地區甚至高達25％。早前的研究報告中，特定人群的大麻使用率甚至高達30％。更令人擔憂的是，來自2007年至2012年的國家藥物使用和健康調查數據顯示，過去一年內懷孕期間使用大麻的人中，18.1％的人患有大麻使用疾患(cannabis use disorders, CUD)，而較近的研究則報告了懷孕個體中大麻使用疾患的患病率高達26.1％。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">許多人在懷孕期間使用大麻來緩解噁心、失眠、疼痛和壓力等症狀。研究表明，臨床醫師在諮詢患者是否在懷孕期間使用大麻方面並不一致，部分原因是由於有限且混合的可用證據，使他們對風險的諮詢感到不舒服。儘管有研究取得了進展，並改變了公共衛生實踐，但關於大麻使用對周產期健康結果的影響仍存在重大知識差距。現有的人類文獻通常受到干擾因子的限制，包括尼古丁等多種物質的共同使用，通過患者自我報告(self-report)來確定使用情況，以及無法確定大麻使用的時間、劑量和頻率。臨床前研究已經揭示了觀察到的不良結果的潛在機制，但並不總是能夠重現典型的人類使用（包括給藥方式和劑量），因此降低了研究結果的轉化力度。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">近期的研究，包括正在進行的《青少年大腦和認知發展》長期研究，顯示子宮內暴露於大麻與後代不良結果之間存在聯繫，包括胎齡過小、新生兒重症監護室入院和早產。此外，產前大麻暴露還與兒童期疾病（如自閉症類群障礙和注意力缺陷/過動症）以及心理病理症狀（包括類精神病體驗、內化、外化、注意力問題，以及思維和社交問題）有關。產前大麻使用疾患還與更高的胎齡過小風險、早產、低出生體重和出生後1年內的死亡風險相關。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">最近的研究結果表明，產前Δ<sup>9</sup>-四氫大麻酚（Δ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol, THC，大麻的主要精神活性成分）可能影響胎盤轉錄組和胎盤、胎兒表觀基因組。Rompala等人報告，母親的大麻使用與胎盤轉錄組的變化有關，作為早期童年焦慮問題風險的中介因素。在非人類靈長類動物中，Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC引起的胎盤和胎兒DNA甲基化變化涉及到神經發育和自閉症類群障礙的基因，這為文獻中報告的與懷孕期間母親大麻使用相關的基因表達改變和後代神經行為異常提供了潛在的機制。該研究強調了需要進行更多機制研究的必要性，這些研究也可以為無法在懷孕期間戒除大麻使用的族群開發針對性的治療方法。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">最近的數據顯示，父親在孕前使用大麻可能會對生殖健康和後代結果產生不良影響，包括嬰兒出生體重降低、自然流產風險增加和嬰兒突發性猝死症候群風險增加。此外，人類、非人類靈長類動物和大鼠中的父親大麻暴露與涉及神經發育和自閉症類群障礙的基因的精子DNA甲基化變化相關，可能會傳遞給未來的後代。儘管大多數現有文獻集中在母親大麻使用的影響上，這些發現突顯了迫切需要更好地理解父親在孕前和懷孕期間的大麻使用對結果的影響。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">未來還需要研究其他新興大麻產品對產前和後代結果的影響。儘管Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC在聯邦層級仍然是非法的，但還有其他類似Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC的類似物，如Δ<sup>8</sup>-THC和Δ<sup>10</sup>-THC，在聯邦層級是合法的，但尚未由食品和藥物管理局(FDA)進行監管。由於其雙鍵碳鏈的位置不同，它們在分子結構上與Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC不同，但仍可能具有精神活性和迷幻效果，包括注意力不集中、短期記憶喪失和對時間感的改變。市場上還有與大麻植物中的化學物質相似的合成大麻素，但具有更不可預測和可能致命的心靈改變效果，對產前結果的影響則是未知的。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">與懷孕期使用煙草或酒精不同，由於目前缺乏確鑿的有害使用證據，公共衛生努力警告懷孕期間不要使用大麻的做法仍然滯後。隨著有關產前大麻使用的不良影響證據不斷累積，生殖健康領域的醫生和研究人員有責任減少因產前大麻使用導致的不良健康結果。履行這一責任需要高品質研究的可行證據，以指導健康護理醫生的諮詢，為受大麻暴露影響的後代制定發展篩檢策略，制定健康政策，並提高公眾意識。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">評論:</h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">2023年《JAMA》期刊發表了一篇重要評論文章，由Lo等人撰寫，題為〈大麻使用與周產期健康研究〉，系統性回顧了美國過去20年大麻合法化後對懷孕婦女及其後代健康的潛在影響。在美國，38個州與華盛頓特區已合法醫療用大麻，23州則已開放娛樂性大麻。在此背景下，孕期大麻使用顯著增加，甚至在COVID-19大流行期間，在北加州等地的孕婦中使用率高達25-30%。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這樣的數據與趨勢對台灣具有重大警示意義，因為台灣社會也正處於討論是否鬆綁大麻法規的十字路口。立法院在2023年審查毒品危害防制條例修法時，已有部分立委提出應重新檢討將大麻列為第一級毒品的科學依據，主張區分大麻與其他毒品的成癮與危害程度。但在科學證據尚未充分、公衛資源尚未到位的情況下，過早鬆綁恐造成無法挽回的母嬰健康風險。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f52c.png" alt="🔬" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 孕期大麻使用的健康風險</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">JAMA評論指出，懷孕期間大麻使用與胎齡過小、早產、低出生體重、新生兒重症監護收治、甚至出生後一年內的死亡風險有顯著關聯。更令人關注的是，子宮內暴露於大麻與兒童期自閉症類群障礙（ASD）、注意力缺陷/過動症（ADHD）以及心理病理問題（例如焦慮、類精神病體驗）有關。這些結果不僅來自人類大型前瞻性研究（如ABC發展研究），亦有來自動物模式的分子機制支持，例如胎盤及胎兒表觀基因組的DNA甲基化變化，可能影響神經發育基因的表達。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">此外，父親在孕前的大麻使用也與後代的不良結果相關，包括嬰兒出生體重下降、自然流產風險增加，以及與神經發展障礙相關的精子DNA甲基化變化，可能透過「表觀遺傳傳遞」影響未來世代。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f9e0.png" alt="🧠" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 台灣當前政策與知識落差</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">在台灣，大麻仍列為《毒品危害防制條例》中的第一級毒品，其刑責與海洛因等劇毒品同等。然近年隨著國際對大麻態度轉變，社會上對於「醫療用大麻」或「娛樂性大麻」的討論逐漸增加，甚至有倡議團體主張應比照酒精、煙草管理。但相較於煙草與酒精已有成熟的公共衛生警語、戒癮系統與風險溝通機制，台灣社會對於大麻對孕期與胎兒的影響卻幾乎處於知識真空。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">毒品專家警告，大麻在學生族群中的可獲得性與好奇心逐漸提升。如果缺乏嚴謹的風險傳播與預防機制，一旦法律鬆綁，極可能出現類似美國部分地區的情況，即民眾誤以為『合法代表無害』，導致高風險族群（如孕婦）誤將大麻作為自我治療手段，進而對胎兒及後代健康造成長期負面影響。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4e2.png" alt="📢" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" /> 結語：制度鬆綁前，知識與保護不能鬆懈</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">《JAMA》的這篇評論文凸顯，儘管目前對大麻與懷孕風險的研究仍有知識缺口（例如使用劑量、頻率、給藥方式等難以標準化），但越來越多證據顯示，大麻暴露對胎兒和兒童的神經發展具有實質威脅。在台灣如欲進行任何大麻政策鬆綁，必須以科學為基礎，嚴格要求政府提出配套公衛措施，包括：</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>進行全國性的大麻使用監測與孕期暴露調查</li>



<li>發展孕婦與年輕族群的大麻風險衛教教材</li>



<li>設置醫療機構中「大麻使用戒治與諮詢窗口」</li>



<li>制定清楚標示與包裝規範，防止高THC產品流入一般通路</li>



<li>加強跨部會合作，如教育部與衛福部協力推動校園預防教育</li>
</ul>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">合法化並非問題的結束，而是另一場健康與科學治理的開始。否則，今日美國正在面對的公共健康後果，可能就是明日台灣的預警。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>編譯與評論: <a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">百聯醫學編譯</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Translator and Reviewer: <a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2808720">Cannabis Use and Perinatal Health Research | Neonatology | JAMA | JAMA Network</a></p>



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		<title>自閉症類群障礙的輔助療法</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2025/05/15/%e8%87%aa%e9%96%89%e7%97%87%e9%a1%9e%e7%be%a4%e9%9a%9c%e7%a4%99%e7%9a%84%e8%bc%94%e5%8a%a9%e7%99%82%e6%b3%95/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2025 11:12:33 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Autism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CAM]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[自閉症]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[輔助療法]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=25675</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[關於自閉症類群障礙的輔助療法，有7個需要知道的事項:&#160; 最近美國政府統計數據估計，每68名兒童中有1 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">關於自閉症類群障礙的輔助療法，有7個需要知道的事項:&nbsp;</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">最近美國政府統計數據估計，每68名兒童中有1名患有自閉症類群障礙(autism spectrum disorder, ASD)。ASD是一種複雜的發展性障礙，通常在童年時期被診斷出來，並且往往持續一生。ASD的一些特點可能包括溝通困難；難以與人、事物或事件建立關聯；重複性運動或行為；以及難以適應陌生環境或常規。雖然尚未找到ASD的治癒方法，但多種療法，包括行為療法和物理療法，可能有助於緩解與ASD相關的症狀。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">許多家長會嘗試輔助療法，通常是在傳統醫療護理的基礎上，來幫助患有ASD的兒童控制症狀。以下是關於ASD兒童的輔助療法的7個事項：</p>



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>對於ASD的輔助療法，很少有高品質的研究。</li>



<li>科學證據表明，胃腸激素secretin、高壓氧(hyperbaric oxygen)、螯合療法(chelation therapies)或抗真菌劑(antifungal agents)對於ASD患者並無幫助，反而可能帶來危險。</li>



<li>褪黑激素(Melatonin)可能有助於解決ASD兒童的睡眠問題。2011年的一項科學文獻回顧發現，褪黑激素可以平均增加73分鐘的總睡眠時間，並減少平均66分鐘的入睡潛伏時間。在與安慰劑的比較中也觀察到類似的有益結果。</li>



<li>有一些證據表明音樂療法(music therapy)可能有助於改善ASD兒童的某些社交和行為技能。2014年的一項科學研究回顧得出結論，音樂療法可能有助於ASD兒童在社交互動和溝通等領域提高技能，同時也有助於提高社交適應能力。</li>



<li>已經研究了omega-3脂肪酸(omega-3 fatty acids)；針灸(acupuncture)；修改版正念療法(mindfulness-based therapy)；按摩療法(massage therapy)，包括氣功按摩(qi gong massage)；以及荷爾蒙催產素(hormone oxytocin)。目前尚不清楚它們是否能改善ASD症狀，且不應將其作為傳統治療的替代品。</li>



<li>對於一些患有ASD的人來說，特殊飲食可能有所幫助，但在飲食之前和期間需要仔細監測其營養狀況。有非常有限的證據表明高脂肪、極低碳水化合物的「生酮」(ketogenic)飲食可能有助於處理與自閉症有關的癲癇。使用特殊飲食的人患有ASD時需要監測，以避免任何有害副作用。</li>



<li>與您兒童的健康照護提供者交流，以獲得幫助，評估哪些輔助療法（如果有的話）對您的孩子有所幫助，因為兒童對於不同的干預方式反應不同。</li>
</ol>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">評論:</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">近年來，台灣社會對於自閉症類群障礙（ASD）的關注日益升高，尤其是在特教資源推動與家長自我學習風氣盛行的背景下，越來越多家庭積極尋求各種輔助療法，希望能幫助孩子改善社交互動、行為問題與情緒調節。上述美國資料所列出「關於ASD輔助療法的7件事」，不僅提供了國際上的研究觀點，也為台灣社會在面對這類議題時提供了重要借鏡與反思。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">首先，目前在台灣，坊間充斥著許多標榜「改善自閉症」、「逆轉發展障礙」的課程與療法，包括高壓氧艙、螯合療法、特定飲食法（如無麩質、無酪蛋白飲食）等，甚至有部分業者宣稱可「根治自閉症」。然而正如文章指出，這些療法普遍缺乏高品質科學證據，某些療法(如螯合療法)可能導致嚴重副作用，如腎衰竭、低血鈣、抽搐，甚至死亡，若在台灣被過度商業化並誤導家長使用，反而可能延誤真正有效的介入時機。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">其次，早期療育資源分配不均、特殊教育師資不足、醫療院所等待時間長等問題，使得家長傾向「尋找替代方案」。因此，公共衛生部門與教育單位應更積極扮演科學資訊的傳遞者角色，協助家長判讀療法的真偽，並鼓勵與專業醫療團隊合作。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">值得注意的是，音樂療法、按摩療法、正念療法等溫和介入方式，在台灣逐漸受到重視。例如部分縣市特教學校與療育中心已開始引入音樂或藝術治療，並由合格專業人員進行。這些療法雖證據尚有限，但在臨床實務中觀察到對部分ASD孩子具有舒緩情緒、提升互動動機的效果，若能納入公共醫療或教育資源系統，將更有助於監督品質與累積研究數據。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">此外，褪黑激素作為改善ASD睡眠障礙的輔助品，在台灣部分家庭中也已有使用案例。雖然短期使用的安全性相對較高，但台灣仍缺乏長期追蹤研究與標準化指引，家長若自行購買市售產品，容易因劑量不當或混用其他補充品導致健康風險。因此，政府應針對兒童常用的輔助療法制定清楚的醫療建議與安全使用規範。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">最後，ASD屬於異質性極高的障礙，每位孩子的需求、感知方式與反應模式皆不相同。因此，不論是飲食調整、心理療法或其他輔助技術，皆應建立在專業評估與個別化介入的基礎上。台灣目前在推動個別化教育計畫（IEP, Individualized Education Program）上已有一定制度，但在結合醫療與社區資源方面仍有待加強，尤其在中南部或偏鄉地區資源不足問題更為明顯。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">總結而言，美國對於自閉症輔助療法的審慎態度與科學檢視，應成為台灣政策與家長決策的重要參考。政府應加強跨部會合作，推動「以實證為基礎」的療育環境，杜絕無效甚至危險的療法流竄。同時，也要給予家長更多支持，減輕照顧負擔，讓每個自閉症孩子都有機會獲得最適切、最安全的成長機會。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>編譯與評論:<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">百聯醫學編譯</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Translator and Reviewer: <a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-complementary-health-approaches-for-asd">7 Things To Know About Complementary Health Approaches for ASD | NCCIH (nih.gov)</a></p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>為善最樂，請支持相關社福機構:</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://www.fact.org.tw/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">財團法人中華民國自閉症基金會</a></li>



<li><a href="https://www.starfamily.org.tw/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">財團法人星星兒社會福利基金會</a></li>



<li><a href="https://www.kanner.org.tw/index.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">財團法人台灣肯納自閉症基金會</a></li>



<li><a href="https://www.ican.org.tw/Default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">財團法人台北市自閉兒社會福利基金會</a></li>
</ul>
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		<title>兒童和青少年膳食補充劑知多少?</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2025/05/15/%e5%85%92%e7%ab%a5%e5%92%8c%e9%9d%92%e5%b0%91%e5%b9%b4%e8%86%b3%e9%a3%9f%e8%a3%9c%e5%85%85%e5%8a%91%e7%9f%a5%e5%a4%9a%e5%b0%91/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2025 10:59:21 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=25672</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[關於兒童和青少年膳食補充劑的10件事 根據2012年的一項全國調查，美國約有近12％的兒童（約每九名兒童中就有 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>關於兒童和青少年膳食補充劑的10件事</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">根據2012年的一項全國調查，美國約有近12％的兒童（約每九名兒童中就有一名）使用輔助療法，如膳食或草本補充劑。一些青少年使用宣傳為減重或健美的膳食補充產品。越來越多作為膳食補充劑銷售的產品，特別是減重和健美的產品，含有可能有害的成分，包括處方藥物成分和管制藥物。此外，許多膳食補充劑尚未在兒童身上進行過測試。由於兒童的身體尚未完全發育，這些產品對兒童和成年人的副作用可能有所不同。欲了解更多資訊，請參閱美國國家輔助暨整合療法中心(NCCIH)的資料&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/using-dietary-supplements-wisely"><em>Using Dietary Supplements Wisely</em></a>。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">以下是關於兒童和青少年膳食補充劑的10件事:</p>



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>雖然許多膳食補充劑來自天然來源，但「天然」未必等於「安全」。</li>



<li>對於膳食補充劑的聯邦法規比處方藥和非處方藥更寬鬆。</li>



<li>膳食和草本補充劑可能質量不佳，含有污染物，包括藥物、化學物質或金屬。對膳食補充劑的研究發現，某些補充劑的標籤與瓶中實際成分之間存在顯著差異。</li>



<li>膳食補充劑可能與其他產品或藥物產生相互作用，或者本身具有不良副作用。</li>



<li>在美國，每年約有4600名兒童因膳食補充劑前往急診室，其中大多數在無監督的情況下攝取了維生素或礦物質。膳食補充劑並不需要具有兒童防護包裝。</li>



<li>某些順勢療法產品(homeopathic products)，稱為「病質藥」(nosodes)或「順勢療法免疫劑」(homeopathic immunizations)，被宣傳為傳統免疫的替代品，但尚未證明其能保護兒童免受疾病侵害。請遵循美國疾病管制與預防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC)的疫苗接種建議，以保護您的兒童免受可預防的疾病侵害。對兒童進行疫苗接種有助於保護我們社區和兒童的健康。</li>



<li>以下是一些常見補充劑的安全資訊：
<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>牛樟芝與許多藥物（包括抗抑鬱藥、避孕藥和抗癲癇和抗癌治療藥物）相互作用。</li>



<li>褪黑激素作為一種助眠劑，短期使用似乎安全，但我們不了解其長期效應。</li>



<li>將益生菌給兒童似乎不太有風險，但我們缺乏確定性證據，特別是長期使用方面。重症患者不應使用益生菌。</li>



<li>Omega-3 補充劑可能引起輕微的胃部問題，如打嗝、消化不良或腹瀉。</li>



<li>美國兒科學會(American Academy of Pediatrics)不建議健康的兒童和青少年食用多種維生素，最好能從食物中獲得維生素。</li>
</ul>
</li>



<li>隱藏的成分越來越成為健美產品的問題，一些宣傳為膳食補充劑的健美產品含有類固醇或類似類固醇的物質，這可能導致嚴重的肝損傷、中風、腎功能衰竭或其他嚴重狀況。</li>



<li>宣傳用於快速減重的膳食補充劑，如巴西莓(acai)和蝴蝶亞仙人掌(hoodia)，無法長期保持體重，並可能產生副作用。某些補充劑含有大量咖啡因或瓜拿納果(guarana)等含有咖啡因的草本成分，可能導致心律變化，甚至危及生命。美國食品藥物管理局（FDA）還發現減重產品中混有潛在危險的處方藥物。</li>



<li>   請詢問您兒童的健康照護提供者有關任何您正在考慮或已經為您的兒童使用的輔助療法的效果和可能風險。此外，提醒您的青少年與他們的健康照護提供者討論他們可能使用或正在考慮使用的輔助療法。</li>
</ol>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">評論:</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這篇關於兒童和青少年膳食補充劑的10件重要提醒，對於當前台灣社會尤具參考價值。隨著健康意識提升及網路購物盛行，台灣青少年與家長對各類膳食補充劑的需求不斷增加，尤其是針對減重、健美等功效的產品。然而，這些補充劑的安全性與有效性往往缺乏嚴謹的科學驗證，且相關法規監管尚有不足，造成潛在健康風險不容忽視。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">首先，文章指出「天然不等於安全」，這提醒台灣消費者切勿盲目相信標榜草本或天然成分的補充品。近年來，台灣也有多起膳食補充劑被檢出含有非法添加物或重金屬超標的案例，凸顯市場監管的重要性。台灣食品藥物管理署（TFDA）雖有相關管理，但面對日益多元且網路渠道快速流通的產品，仍需加強查驗與風險溝通。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">其次，青少年群體容易受到網路廣告及同儕影響，追求快速減重或增肌的補充劑使用現象日益普遍。這與美國調查中指出含類固醇或處方藥成分的健美補劑風險相呼應。台灣媒體也曾報導青少年誤用類固醇類補品導致嚴重健康問題，提醒家長與學校必須加強相關知識的普及與預防教育。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">第三，文章提醒膳食補充劑可能與其他藥物產生交互作用，且兒童身體發育尚未成熟，副作用可能異於成人。台灣醫療體系中，兒科醫師與營養師在輔導家長時應更積極詢問兒童補充劑使用情況，避免因信息不透明造成醫療風險。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">最後，面對COVID-19疫情帶來的心理壓力，許多家庭轉向使用褪黑激素或益生菌等補充劑助眠或調節腸道健康，但長期效果尚缺乏充分證據，需謹慎使用。台灣社會對於輔助療法的接受度提升，促使政府和學界必須投入更多資源進行安全性和有效性研究。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">總體而言，這篇美國NCCIH的警示與建議，對台灣而言是重要的警鐘與借鏡。建議政府部門加強膳食補充劑的標示規範與監管，醫療專業人員加強健康教育，家長與青少年也需提升對補充劑風險的認識，避免因一時輕信而危害健康。唯有社會各界共同努力，才能保障兒童青少年的健康成長，打造更加安全的使用環境。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>編譯與評論: <a href="https://pi-union.com/">百聯醫學編譯</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>Translator and Reviewer: <a href="https://pi-union.com/">PI-Union Medical Science</a></strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tips/things-to-know-about-dietary-supplements-for-children-and-teens">10 Things To Know About Dietary Supplements for Children and Teens | NCCIH (nih.gov)</a></p>
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		<title>將靈性納入更全面的整體人類健康研究中</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2025/05/15/%e5%b0%87%e9%9d%88%e6%80%a7%e7%b4%8d%e5%85%a5%e6%9b%b4%e5%85%a8%e9%9d%a2%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b4%e9%ab%94%e4%ba%ba%e9%a1%9e%e5%81%a5%e5%ba%b7%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e4%b8%ad/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2025 10:50:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NCCIH]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[人類]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[整體健康]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[研究]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[靈性]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=25669</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[將靈性納入更全面的整體人類健康研究中 Director,&#160;National Center for C [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>將靈性納入更全面的整體人類健康研究中</strong></h3>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Director,&nbsp;National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health&nbsp;(NCCIH)</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Helene M. Langevin, M.D.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">2023年8月18日</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">健康是否具有靈性層面？對許多人來說，答案是肯定的。隨著美國國家輔助暨整合健康中心（NCCIH）準備制定下一個戰略計畫之際，我希望能就如何將<strong>靈性</strong>作為整體人類健康研究的一個領域展開討論。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">在我們努力更好地了解整體健康的組成部分時，我們需要回答一個核心問題。在我們所研究的生物、行為、社會和環境領域中，哪些靈性健康的元素最適合進行研究，並且能夠與這些領域相互連接？儘管定義與靈性相關的數據元素和研究方法將是具有挑戰性的，但我對我們與諮詢委員會近期有關這個議題的討論以及與退伍軍人健康管理署（Veterans Health Administration, VHA）的“以病患為中心護理與文化轉變辦公室”的互動感到鼓舞，後者在其整體健康病患護理模型中將靈性置於重要位置。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">積極的靈性體驗通常被定義為與他人、更高的力量或自然界之間的一種合一感和聯繫。靈性通常與生活中的意義和目的感相關，這也代表了連接。相比之下，靈性的“不健康”可能被視為脫節、孤立、失去根基或絕望的感覺。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">靈性斷裂(Spiritual disconnects)可能在人際關係中表現出來;&nbsp;例如，在我們大多數人在COVID-19大流行期間經歷的孤立感，以及由美國衛生局局長強調的令人擔憂的當前“孤獨流行病”。靈性斷裂也可能在我們與自然界的關係中表現出來。人們日益受到環境不穩定的影響，但也可能感到無力去創造變化。靈性影響在部落社群中可能感受最深，比如美洲原住民、阿拉斯加原住民和加拿大原住民，這些社群傳統上與自然界有著緊密聯繫。最近在Nova Institute for Health年度會議上的演講中，我主張由於人類健康與地球健康密不可分，對整體人類健康的研究如果要發揮充分的作用，將需要包括個體之間以及與整個地球的聯繫。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">作為人類意味著意識到我們的分離和暫時的存在。從出生到一生，我們都渴望跨越這種分離。世界上所有主要宗教都共享重新連接的組成部分，以創造有助於治癒我們孤立感的意義。人類需要與比我們自己更大的事物產生聯繫，這在研究人員所稱的“俯視效應” (overview effect)中得到了生動的體現，當一個人從太空看到地球時，會有深刻的認知和情感轉變，意識、意識和身份得以提升。太空人往往在太空返回後更加堅信人類的相互聯繫，並充滿了改善地球上生活的渴望。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">冥想(meditation)等沉思性實踐已經努力擴展這種人類意識數千年。有趣的是，近期對迷幻藥物(如迷幻蘑菇中的成分裸蓋菇素psilocybin)在治療上的再度興趣顯示出我們才剛開始在生理上理解不同通往靈性體驗的途徑。研究人員發現，接受這些藥物在醫療監督下治療難治性抑鬱症的患者描述了意識和與世界的“合一”(oneness)感的深刻和持久的轉變。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">建立聯繫、意義和目的感是靈性成長的一部分。經歷嚴重創傷或像癌症這樣的威脅生命的疾病的患者通常會描述對生活的重新欣賞感。創傷後的成長確實與恢復力的概念相關，它讓個人不僅能從挑戰中恢復，還能增強力量。在VHA，整體健康模型的核心在於鼓勵病患界定“<strong>對他們最重要的事物</strong>”，並將他們的護理圍繞在這種意識中以界定健康目標。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">展望未來，更重要的是要更好地了解靈性相互聯繫如何通過著重擴展意識的基本生物機制來加強，例如冥想、基於正念的壓力減輕，以及其他傳統療癒實踐。NCCIH在這方面具有豐富的研究項目，例如關於恢復過程中，從物質濫用中恢復的情感幸福感等方面的研究，為更明確地將靈性納入整體人類健康的組成部分提供了自然基礎。這樣做是我們下一步努力確定整體人類健康研究全面範圍的合理步驟。我期待著探索如何最佳地展開一系列旨在促進和恢復個人、家庭、人群和整個生物、行為、社會、環境和靈性領域健康的研究。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">如果您對這個主題有想要分享的想法，請發送電子郵件至NCCIHStrategicPlan@mail.nih.gov。我們期待聽到許多觀點並繼續有益的討論。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">評論:</h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這篇由NCCIH主任Helene M. Langevin醫師發表的文章，深入探討了「靈性」作為整體人類健康不可或缺的一環，對未來健康研究的重要啟示。文章明確指出，靈性不僅是個人主觀經驗的層面，更與生物、行為、社會及環境因素緊密交織，構成了全人健康的複雜網絡。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">作者強調，靈性的正面體驗如合一感、意義與目的，對健康有積極的促進作用；反之，靈性斷裂則可能導致孤立、絕望等負面後果，這在疫情期間的社會孤獨問題中尤為明顯。此觀點貼合現代心理社會健康的需求，提醒醫療與公共衛生領域不可忽視靈性層面的影響。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">特別值得一提的是，文章提出靈性健康的研究挑戰——如何定義可量化的靈性元素，以及如何將其有效地整合進現有的生物醫學研究架構。這反映出科學社群在跨學科整合與測量工具開發上的迫切需求。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">此外，文章也連結了環境健康與靈性健康，強調人類與地球的相互聯繫，這在全球氣候危機加劇的當下，賦予健康研究新的視角與責任感。太空人所經歷的「俯視效應」作為人類意識提升的實例，更具啟發性地展示了靈性層面的普遍性與深遠影響。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">最後，作者提及冥想、正念及迷幻藥物等現代與傳統療癒實踐，說明科學正逐步揭示靈性體驗背後的生理機制，為靈性納入健康研究提供了理論與方法基礎。這種融合生物醫學與人文精神的研究方向，將促進更全面的健康促進與疾病治療策略。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">總結而言，此文不僅為靈性在健康研究中的地位提供有力的論述支持，也為未來整合靈性與多領域健康研究開闢了新路。推動這一議題將有助於實現真正的「整體健康」，促進個人與社會福祉的深層提升。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">編譯與評論:<a href="https://pi-union.com/">百聯醫學編譯</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translator and Reviewer: <a href="https://pi-union.com/">PI-Union Medical Science</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.nccih.nih.gov/about/offices/od/director/past-messages/including-spirituality-into-a-fuller-picture-of-research-on-whole-person-health?nav=govd">Including Spirituality Into a Fuller Picture of Research on Whole Person Health | NCCIH (nih.gov)</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Reference:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Richard E. Daws., et al. (2022)“<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01744-z">Increased global integration in the brain after psilocybin therapy for depression</a>”.<em> Nature medicine. </em><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01744-z">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01744-z</a></li>
</ul>
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		<title>從監獄釋放後無家可歸的風險與丹麥的再犯罪率</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2025/05/15/%e5%be%9e%e7%9b%a3%e7%8d%84%e9%87%8b%e6%94%be%e5%be%8c%e7%84%a1%e5%ae%b6%e5%8f%af%e6%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e9%a2%a8%e9%9a%aa%e8%88%87%e4%b8%b9%e9%ba%a5%e7%9a%84%e5%86%8d%e7%8a%af%e7%bd%aa%e7%8e%87/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2025 05:54:26 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[丹麥]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[無家可歸]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[犯罪率]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=25605</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[這篇發表於 The Lancet Public Health 的丹麥全國世代研究指出，監獄釋放後的無家可歸者再 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這篇發表於 <em>The Lancet Public Health</em> 的丹麥全國世代研究指出，監獄釋放後的無家可歸者再犯罪風險顯著提高，尤其是有精神疾病或物質濫用史者。這項研究提供了重要的政策參考，也對台灣當前的監所改革與社會復歸議題具有高度啟示。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">監獄收容人釋放後往往缺乏社會支持系統，特別是無固定住所者，容易陷入再犯循環。根據法務部資料，台灣再犯率雖有逐年下降趨勢，但在精神疾病與藥癮個案中，復歸失敗率仍偏高。此外，台灣缺乏如同丹麥般完善的資料串聯與追蹤機制，使得相關政策往往缺乏實證依據。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">此研究凸顯「出獄即失家」是再犯的重要風險因子，建議我國應強化監獄與地方政府社福、衛政系統的跨域合作，建立退監安置機制，並納入精神健康與藥癮治療連結。同時，應推動數據整合平台，提升政策精準度，以減少出獄者無家可歸與再犯問題，共同打造更具包容力的社會安全網。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>從監獄釋放後無家可歸的風險與丹麥的再犯罪率：一項全國性世代研究</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Sandra Feodor Nilsson, Merete Nordentoft, Seena Fazel, Thomas Munk Laursen&nbsp;</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>The Lancet Public Health</em>;&nbsp;August 25, 2023</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>摘要</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>背景</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">不同服務機構之間的過渡時期與無家可歸有關。我們的目的是調查以前的無家可歸史和精神障礙與出獄後無家可歸風險之間的關聯。此外，我們還研究了出獄後無家可歸與再犯罪風險之間的關聯。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>方法</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">我們在丹麥進行了一項全國性的世代研究，對年齡在15歲或以上的人群進行了調查，這些人在2001年1月1日至2021年12月31日期間首次從監獄釋放。我們使用丹麥民事登記系統的數據，並將其與其他登記（丹麥中央刑事登記、丹麥無家可歸登記、丹麥國家患者登記和丹麥精神疾病中央研究登記）的資料進行串連，以獲取釋放日期、無家可歸收容所聯繫、精神疾病和新的定罪情況。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">從監獄釋放後的無家可歸，定義為首次從首次監禁釋放後的無家可歸收容所聯繫。在釋放後2年內的再犯，定義為監獄釋放後的第一次警察記錄的刑事定罪。我們計算了每1000人年的發生率、使用Poisson回歸分析的發生率比（incidence rate ratios, IRR），以及釋放後無家可歸和再犯罪的概率。性別、年齡、日曆年、原國籍、最高教育程度、婚姻狀況和指數刑期作為干擾因素。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>結果</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">本研究包括37,382名個案（34,792名男性[93.1％]和2,590名女性[6.9％]），年齡在15至41歲之間，他們在2001年1月1日至2021年12月31日期間從監獄釋放，提供了202,197人年的風險。平均隨訪持續時間為5.4人年（標準差為5.6）。總體而言，37,382名個案中有1,843人（4.9％）變得無家可歸。從監獄釋放1年後，37,382名個案中有788人（2.1％）至少有一次和無家可歸的收容所聯繫，並且在1,761名具有指數刑期前無家可歸史的個案中，有357人（20.7％）變得無家可歸。釋放後無家可歸的發生率在具有無家可歸史的個案中為每1,000人年102.5例，而在沒有無家可歸史的個案中為每1,000人年6.7例（IRR 16.4，95％ CI 14.8-18.2；校正為性別、年齡和日曆年）。此外，另有精神疾病的個案比既無無家可歸史也無精神疾病的個體更有無家可歸的風險（IRR 22.6，95％ CI 19.7-25.9），而對於那些具有無家可歸史和藥物濫用疾患的個案，風險更高（IRR 25.0，95％ CI 21.6-28.9）。從監獄釋放後的2年內，再犯的概率為73.2％（95％ CI 72.8-73.7）。與釋放後未經歷無家可歸的人相比，從監獄釋放後經歷無家可歸的人的再犯罪風險更高（IRR 1.5，95％ CI 1.3-1.7），校正為性別、年齡和日曆年。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>闡釋</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">刑事司法服務應重新審視降低無家可歸風險的方法，並思考如何改善與精神健康和物質濫用服務的溝通聯繫，以防止釋放出獄後的不良結果。刑事司法的臨床指南中應處理無家可歸個案的健康問題。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">譯者:<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">百聯醫學編譯</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translator:&nbsp;<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(23)00152-4/fulltext">https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(23)00152-4/fulltext</a></p>



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<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>為善最樂，請支持更生人相關社福機構:</strong></p>



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		<title>幼兒接觸螢幕時間與發展遲緩之關聯</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2025 05:37:23 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Developmental Delay]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Screen Time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[幼兒]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[螢幕]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[在台灣，嬰幼兒早期發展正面臨「數位托育」的隱憂。嬰幼兒過早接觸3C產品，包括電腦、智慧型手機、平板、智慧手錶、 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p class="wp-block-paragraph">在台灣，嬰幼兒早期發展正面臨「數位托育」的隱憂。嬰幼兒過早接觸3C產品，包括電腦、智慧型手機、平板、智慧手錶、電視、遊戲機、電子書閱讀器等。這項JAMA Pediatrics研究提供了警示：<strong>螢幕過度曝露並非僅影響注意力，還可能延滯語言溝通與思考能力發展</strong>。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">台灣正推動「準公共化托育政策」，旨在應對少子化挑戰，減輕家長育兒負擔，並提升托育服務品質，但當前托育品質與家長教養知能落差仍大。當育嬰假不足、長輩托育缺乏專業訓練，手機與平板成為「最安靜的保母」。若政府未能同步強化「育兒數位衛生」教育，恐導致兒童認知發展上的不平等提早出現。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">建議教育部與衛福部應共同制定「學齡前螢幕使用指南」，並融入親職教育與公托機構師資訓練。同時，社會應重新思考：我們是否在用螢幕，代替了與孩子真實互動的黃金時光？</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>1歲時接觸螢幕時間與2歲和4歲時溝通和問題解決能力發展遲緩之關聯</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><em>JAMA Pediatr.&nbsp;</em>Published online August 21, 2023. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3057</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>摘要</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>重要性：</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">目前尚不清楚某些兒童發展領域是否特別與接觸螢幕時間相關，以及這種關聯是否會隨著年齡的增長而持續存在。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>目的：</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">研究1歲兒童接觸螢幕的時間與其在2歲和4歲時的5個發展遲緩領域（溝通、大肌肉運動、小肌肉運動、問題解決，以及個人和社交技能）之間的關聯。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>設計、參與者和地點：</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">此項前瞻性研究是在東北醫學巨型銀行計劃(Tohoku Medical Megabank Project)的出生和三代世代研究(Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study)下進行的。研究自2013年7月至2017年3月間，在日本宮城縣和岩手縣的50家產科診所和醫院招募懷孕婦女參與研究。這項前瞻性研究資料，共有7097對母嬰被納入分析。數據分析於2023年3月20日進行。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>暴露：</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">1歲兒童的螢幕接觸時間分為四類（&lt;1小時，1至&lt;2小時，2至&lt;4小時或≥4小時/天）。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>主要結果和測量指標：</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">使用日文版的年齡與階段問卷(Ages &amp; Stages Questionnaires)（第三版），來評估2歲和4歲兒童在5個領域（溝通、大肌肉運動、小肌肉運動、問題解決，以及個人和社交技能）的發展遲緩情況。每個領域的得分範圍從0到60分。如果每個領域的總分低於其平均分數的2個標準差，則定義為發展遲緩。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>結果：</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">在本研究的7097名兒童中，有3674名男孩（51.8％）和3423名女孩（48.2％）。就每天接觸螢幕的時間而言，有3440名兒童（48.5％）少於1小時，2095名兒童（29.5％）為1至&lt;2小時，1272名兒童（17.9％）為2至&lt;4小時，290名兒童（4.1％）為4小時或更多。兒童接觸螢幕的時間與2歲時溝通領域的發展遲緩風險相關（1至&lt;2小時/天的勝算比[OR]為1.61 [95% CI，1.23-2.10]；2至&lt;4小時/天的OR為2.04 [1.52-2.74]；≥4 vs &lt;1小時/天的OR為4.78 [3.24-7.06]），以及細小肌肉運動領域（≥4 vs &lt;1小時/天的OR為1.74 [1.09-2.79]）、問題解決領域（2至&lt;4小時/天的OR為1.40 [1.02-1.92]；≥4 vs &lt;1小時/天的OR為2.67 [1.72-4.14]）和個人社交技能領域（≥4 vs &lt;1小時/天的OR為2.10 [1.39-3.18]）。關於4歲時的發展遲緩風險，溝通領域（2至&lt;4小時/天的OR為1.64 [95% CI，1.20-2.25]；≥4 vs &lt;1小時/天的OR為2.68 [1.68-4.27]）和問題解決領域（≥4 vs &lt;1小時/天的OR為1.91 [1.17-3.14]）均有關聯。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>結論和意義：</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">在這項研究中，1歲兒童接觸螢幕的時間與2歲和4歲時溝通和問題解決能力的發展遲緩有關。這些研究結果表明，在未來討論螢幕時間和兒童發展時，應將發展遲緩領域分開考慮。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">譯者:<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">百聯醫學編譯</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translator:&nbsp;<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2808593" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Screen Time at Age 1 Year and Communication and Problem-Solving Developmental Delay at 2 and 4 Years</a></p>



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<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.fcdd.org.tw/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">財團法人發展遲緩兒童基金會</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.eden.org.tw/index.php" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">財團法人伊甸社會福利基金會</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.diyi.org.tw/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">第一社會福利基金會</a></p>
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		<title>科學家將大腦活動轉化為音樂</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2025/05/14/%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%ae%b6%e5%b0%87%e5%a4%a7%e8%85%a6%e6%b4%bb%e5%8b%95%e8%bd%89%e5%8c%96%e7%82%ba%e9%9f%b3%e6%a8%82/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 May 2025 14:19:03 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EEG]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fMRI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NIH]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[大腦]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[科學家]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[腦機介面]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[音樂]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=25599</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[科學家將大腦活動轉化為音樂 簡介By&#160;百聯醫學編譯 科學家們已經成功將大腦活動轉化成音樂，這是一種令 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>科學家將大腦活動轉化為音樂</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">簡介By&nbsp;<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">百聯醫學編譯</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">科學家們已經成功將大腦活動轉化成音樂，這是一種令人驚嘆的方法!</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這一項技術使用腦電圖(Electroencephalography, EEG)和功能性磁振造影(functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, fMRI)等大腦監測工具，將大腦的電信號或活動轉換為聲音。這不僅提供了一種深入瞭解大腦運作的方法，還能夠產生具有藝術性和科學價值的音樂作品。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這種大腦活動轉化為音樂的過程通常包括將不同的大腦區域或神經元群的活動映射到音調、節奏和音量等音樂元素上。這樣的轉化過程有助於我們更直觀地理解大腦在不同活動、情感和狀態下的運作方式。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這些發現可以為將音樂元素納入腦機界面(Brain-Computer Interface，BCI)提供基礎。腦機界面是一種技術，它建立了一種直接的通信途徑，允許人類大腦和外部設備之間的互動。腦機界面技術的目標是解讀大腦活動並將其轉換為可控制電腦、機器或其他外部設備的指令，或者將外部設備的信息傳達回大腦。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">腦機界面技術可以應用於多個領域，包括醫療、輔助技術、娛樂和科學研究。一些常見的應用包括腦機界面以幫助殘疾人士控制輪椅、機械手臂或電腦；腦機界面用於恢復視覺或聽覺功能；以及腦機界面的應用於研究大腦功能和認知過程。腦機界面使言語受損的患者能夠溝通。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">將大腦活動轉化為音樂的技術可以應用於醫學和心理學領域，幫助醫生和研究人員更好地理解大腦與不同疾病、情感和行為之間的關聯，從而開發更有效的治療方法。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">總之，將大腦活動轉化為音樂是一項令人振奮的科學成就!它將我們對大腦運作的理解提升到了一個全新的水平，同時也為藝術和醫學領域帶來了新的可能性。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">在未來，或許人類無須通過語言溝通，就能讀到對方的起心動念了!</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>科學家將大腦活動轉化為音樂</strong><strong> (NIH)</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">By Brian Doctrow, Ph.D.</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">音樂是一種普遍的人類體驗。過去的研究已經識別出大腦對音樂的特定元素，如旋律、和聲及節奏作出反應的部分。音樂會啟動與語言相同的大腦區域，但這些區域如何相互作用來處理音樂的複雜性一直不清楚。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">由加利福尼亞大學柏克萊分校的Ludovic Bellier博士和Robert Knight博士領導的一支由美國國家衛生研究院（NIH）資助的研究團隊，使用計算機模型試圖從聽眾的大腦活動中重建一首音樂作品。這項研究於2023年8月15日刊登在《PLoS Biology》上。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">該團隊讓29名神經外科患者聆聽了Pink Floyd的歌曲《Another Brick in the Wall, Part 1》。為了進行癲癇評估，將電極直接放置在他們的大腦表面，以記錄大腦活動。研究人員尋找電極信號與歌曲聽覺特性之間的相關性，然後使用這些信息嘗試從大腦信號中重建歌曲。類似的方法曾用於從大腦活動中重建語音，但這是第一次使用這種方法重建音樂。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">研究人員發現，在患者的2700個電極中，總共有347個電極對於檢測音樂編碼非常重要。在大腦右半球，有16.4％的電極對音樂產生活動反應，而在左半球，這一比例為13.5％。這與語言不同，語言會引發左半球更大的反應。在兩個半球中，大多數對音樂產生反應的電極位於一個稱為顳上回(Superior temporal gyrus, STG)的區域，該區域位於耳朵上方和後方。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">基於所有347個重要電極的數據，重建的歌曲與原始歌曲相似，但細節較少。例如，重建的歌曲中的歌詞較不清楚。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">特定的大腦活動模式與特定的音樂元素相匹配。一種模式包括在一系列頻率上的短暫活動，這些活動對應於主音吉他或合成器的主題音樂。另一種模式涉及到極高頻率的持續活動，這種活動發生在聽到人聲時。第三種模式對應於節奏吉他的音符。檢測到每種模式的電極在STG內被分組在一起。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">為了縮小哪些大腦區域對準確重建音樂是最重要的範圍，研究人員刪除了信號來自不同電極的情況下的重建。刪除右STG的電極對於重建的準確性有最大的影響。該團隊還發現，可以在不使用完整的重要電極集合的情況下，準確重建音樂；其中近170個電極對準確性沒有影響。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">這些發現可以為將音樂元素納入腦機界面(brain-computer interfaces)提供基礎。已經開發了這種界面，以使言語受損的殘疾人能夠溝通。但是由這些界面生成的言語聽起來有一種不自然的機器人質感，納入音樂元素可能會產生更自然的語音合成。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Knight博士表示：「對我來說，音樂有韻律和情感內容。」隨著腦機界面領域不斷發展，他解釋說，這項研究可以幫助那些言語受損的神經或發育障礙患者，為他們的腦部植入裝置增添音樂性。他補充說：「這讓你能夠解碼言語的語言內容、語調的內容，以及情感。我認為這是我們真正開始突破的領域。」</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">譯者:<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">百聯醫學編譯</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translator:&nbsp;<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/scientists-translate-brain-activity-into-music">Scientists translate brain activity into music | National Institutes of Health (NIH)</a></p>



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		<title>AI在醫學中的應用: GPT-4作為醫學AI聊天機器人的優點、限制和風險</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2025/05/14/ai%e5%9c%a8%e9%86%ab%e5%ad%b8%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%87%89%e7%94%a8-gpt-4%e4%bd%9c%e7%82%ba%e9%86%ab%e5%ad%b8ai%e8%81%8a%e5%a4%a9%e6%a9%9f%e5%99%a8%e4%ba%ba%e7%9a%84%e5%84%aa%e9%bb%9e%e3%80%81%e9%99%90/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 May 2025 14:09:24 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[GPT-4]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NEJM]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[聊天機器人]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[醫學]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[AI在醫學中的應用: GPT-4作為醫學AI聊天機器人的優點、限制和風險(NEJM) Peter Lee, P [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>AI</strong><strong>在醫學中的應用</strong><strong>: GPT-4</strong><strong>作為醫學</strong><strong>AI</strong><strong>聊天機器人的優點、限制和風險</strong><strong>(NEJM)</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Peter Lee, Ph.D.,&nbsp;Sebastien Bubeck, Ph.D.,&nbsp;and Joseph Petro, M.S., M.Eng.</p>



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>本文探討了GPT-4作為醫學AI聊天機器人的應用，介紹了其潛在好處、限制和風險。</li>



<li>聊天機器人包括通用AI系統和聊天介面，GPT-4是一種通用AI系統，具備自然語言聊天介面。</li>



<li>使用聊天機器人時，使用者通過自然語言輸入查詢，機器人會快速生成相關的回應，模擬了人與人之間的對話。</li>



<li>聊天機器人對提示的措辭和形式敏感，需要精心設計的提示以獲得最佳結果。</li>



<li>GPT-4並非專門為醫療任務程式設計，但可以執行各種醫學和健康保健任務，包括醫學檔處理、診斷、研究和教育。</li>



<li>儘管GPT-4僅在互聯網上開放的資料基礎上進行訓練，但在醫學領域的回答正確率超過90%。</li>



<li>GPT-4的醫學知識可用於諮詢、診斷和教育，對醫療專業人員和研究人員提供有用的資訊。</li>



<li>GPT-4是一個不斷發展的工具，具有巨大潛力，但也存在限制和錯誤。在使用中需要小心謹慎，驗證其輸出的準確性。</li>



<li>作者認為醫學界和大眾將討論有關GPT-4和類似AI工具的性能和可信度問題，這將是未來的重要話題。</li>



<li>總之，GPT-4代表了醫學領域新型AI的潛在應用和風險，如果謹慎使用，這些工具有助於提供更好的醫療護理。</li>
</ol>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">資料整理:<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">百聯醫學編譯</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translator: <a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li><a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsr2214184">Benefits, Limits, and Risks of GPT-4 as an AI Chatbot for Medicine | NEJM</a></li>



<li><a href="https://openai.com/research/gpt-4" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GPT-4</a></li>
</ul>
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		<title>mRNA COVID疫苗的開創者獲得諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎</title>
		<link>https://pi-union.com/2025/05/14/mrna-covid%e7%96%ab%e8%8b%97%e7%9a%84%e9%96%8b%e5%89%b5%e8%80%85%e7%8d%b2%e5%be%97%e8%ab%be%e8%b2%9d%e7%88%be%e7%94%9f%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8%e6%88%96%e9%86%ab%e5%ad%b8%e7%8d%8e/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PI-Union Medical Science]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 May 2025 14:05:06 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Holistic Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Drew Weissman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Katalin Karikó]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mRNA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[女性]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[科學家]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[諾貝爾獎]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://pi-union.com/?p=25593</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[2023年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎授予Katalin Karikó與Drew Weissman，肯定他們在mRNA [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p class="wp-block-paragraph">2023年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎授予Katalin Karikó與Drew Weissman，肯定他們在mRNA疫苗技術上的關鍵突破，這不僅改變了COVID-19疫情的防控策略，更開啟了疫苗與治療的新時代。台灣政府與生技產業也應加強mRNA相關技術的研發投資與人才培育，促進產學研合作，提升本土疫苗研發能力。總之，諾貝爾獎的肯定不僅是對科學家個人的榮耀，更是對全球公共衛生未來發展的啟示。台灣必須把握這一契機，加速mRNA技術的本土化發展，為全民健康打造更堅實的防護網。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>mRNA COVID疫苗的開創者獲得諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎(Nature)</strong></h4>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03046-x#author-0">Ewen Callaway</a>&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03046-x#author-1">Miryam Naddaf</a>. Nature. 02 October 2023</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">今年的諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎授予了生物化學家Katalin Karikó和免疫學家Drew Weissman，以表彰他們在開發針對 COVID-19&nbsp;的 mRNA&nbsp;疫苗方面的發現。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">諾貝爾委員會表示，這些疫苗已經被接種超過130億次，挽救了數百萬人的生命，並阻止了數百萬例嚴重COVID-19病例。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Karikó任職於匈牙利的塞格德大學(Szeged University)，而Weissman則在賓夕法尼亞大學的費城分校(University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, UPenn)工作，他們找到一種方法，將被稱為信使核糖核酸(messenger RNA, mRNA)的基因物質傳遞到細胞內，而不會引起不必要的免疫反應，為疫苗的開發鋪平了道路。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">他們將平分1100萬瑞典克朗（約100萬美元）的獎金。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Karikó是第13位獲得諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎的女性科學家。她出生在匈牙利，於1980年代移居美國。「希望這個獎項能激勵女性、移民以及所有年輕人堅持不懈和克服困難。這就是我所希望的」，她告訴《自然》(Nature)雜誌。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>新的里程碑</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">由莫德納(Moderna)和輝瑞BNT(Pfizer–BioNTech)聯合研發的COVID-19疫苗傳遞了mRNA，該mRNA指示細胞製造一種存在於SARS-CoV-2病毒顆粒上的蛋白質，稱為刺突蛋白(spike protein)。這刺激身體製造針對該蛋白質的抗體，同時引發其他免疫反應。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">幾十年來，mRNA疫苗被認為是不可行的，因為將mRNA注射到體內會引發免疫反應，立即分解mRNA。在2000年代中期，在UPenn工作時，Karikó和Weissman證明，將mRNA中的一種分子，稱為尿苷(uridine)，替換為一種類似的分子，稱為假尿苷(pseudouridine)，可以繞過細胞的天生免疫防禦機制。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">英國倫敦帝國學院(Imperial College London)的疫苗科學家Robin Shattock表示：「我很高興看到他們受到了認可。他們的貢獻對COVID-19疫苗的成功至關重要，我認為將在未來的RNA技術中發揮作用」。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">英國倫敦帝國學院的疫苗免疫學家John Tregoning，在英國科學媒體中心(The UK Science Media Centre)的一份新聞聲明中表示：「他們證明改變疫苗中的RNA核苷酸類型會改變細胞感知它的方式。這增加了注射RNA後製造疫苗蛋白質的量，有效提高了疫苗的效率：用更少的RNA獲得更多的反應」。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">諾貝爾委員會成員、斯德哥爾摩卡羅琳斯卡研究所(The Karolinska Institute)的免疫學家Qiang Pan Hammarström在獎項公佈後的新聞發布會上表示：「這一發現為醫學開啟了新的篇章。長期基礎研究的投資非常重要」。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><strong>疫苗革命</strong></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">現在正在開發用於其他疾病的mRNA疫苗，包括流感(influenza)、HIV、瘧疾(malaria)和茲卡病毒(Zika)。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">比利時根特大學(Ghent University)的mRNA疫苗研究員Rein Verbeke表示：「這真的像是COVID大流行以來一場革命」。他補充說，Karikó和Weissman的貢獻對於疫苗在大流行期間以及以後的成功至關重要。「他們的貢獻在整個mRNA疫苗平台的發展中起著關鍵作用」。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">位於德國蒂賓根(Tübingen)的CureVac開發的一種包含未經修改的RNA的COVID-19 mRNA疫苗，在臨床試驗中表現平平，被廣泛認為是一個失敗案例。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">COVID-19 mRNA疫苗的另一個關鍵組成部分是包圍修改RNA並使其進入細胞的脂質奈米粒子（lipid nanoparticles, LNPs）。Verbeke表示，許多科學家都為LNPs的開發做出了貢獻，如果諾貝爾委員會也承認了他們對mRNA疫苗的貢獻，那就更好了。他說，mRNA的修改和LNPs的開發「是使mRNA疫苗成功所必需的兩個主要步驟」。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">然而，許多人參與了LNPs的開發，很難將任何一個人的貢獻單獨列出，Pierre Meulien說。他是法國斯特拉斯堡附近一家小型生物技術公司Transgène的研究員，在20世紀90年代曾研究使用mRNA觸發免疫反應。他補充說，Karikó和Weissman「確實創造了整個mRNA疫苗企業成功的關鍵」。</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Shattock表示，mRNA疫苗和療法的發展仍然處於起步階段。科學家和生物技術公司正在忙於為mRNA技術找到新的應用，從癌症治療到下一代COVID-19疫苗。許多團隊也在致力於改進mRNA的傳遞方式。他說：「今天我們看到的並不是未來將要使用的技術，我們正處於RNA革命的初期。」</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">儘管COVID-19疫苗將mRNA疫苗推向了前台，但該技術的影響可能會遠及各個領域，Karikó表示：「它是無限的」。</p>



<hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">譯者:<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">百聯醫學編譯</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Translator:&nbsp;<a href="https://pi-union.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PI-Union Medical Science</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">Source:</p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph"><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03046-x">Pioneers of mRNA COVID vaccines win medicine Nobel (nature.com)</a></p>



<p class="wp-block-paragraph">References:</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>Karikó, K., Buckstein, M., Ni, H. &amp; Weissman, D.&nbsp;Immunity&nbsp;23, 165–175 (2005).</li>



<li><a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/mrna-discovery-paved-way-covid-19-vaccines-wins-nobel-prize-physiology-medicine?utm_source=sfmc&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=ScienceAdviser&amp;utm_content=distillation&amp;et_rid=1002613090&amp;et_cid=4923057">mRNA discovery that paved way for COVID-19 vaccines wins Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine | Science | AAAS</a></li>
</ul>
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